Nursing Elites

1. What are the signs and symptoms of a potential infection?

• A. Fever, chills, and increased heart rate
• B. Increased white blood cell count and fever
• C. Shortness of breath and confusion
• D. Sweating and low blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fever, chills, and increased heart rate are classic signs of an infection. These symptoms indicate the body's response to an invading pathogen. Choice B, 'Increased white blood cell count and fever,' is not a primary symptom that a person would typically notice themselves, and white blood cell count needs to be tested. Choice C, 'Shortness of breath and confusion,' may indicate other conditions like heart or lung issues rather than a general infection. Choice D, 'Sweating and low blood pressure,' are not specific to infections and can be caused by various factors like heat or dehydration.

2. What advice should be given to a client experiencing constipation?

• A. Encourage the client to drink water frequently
• B. Increase dietary fiber to relieve constipation
• C. Administer a laxative to relieve discomfort
• D. Encourage the client to increase physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct advice to give to a client experiencing constipation is to increase dietary fiber. Dietary fiber helps relieve constipation by promoting regular bowel movements. Encouraging the client to drink water frequently (Choice A) is also important for overall bowel health, but increasing dietary fiber is more directly related to relieving constipation. Administering a laxative (Choice C) should not be the first-line recommendation and should only be considered if dietary and lifestyle changes do not work. Encouraging the client to increase physical activity (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health but may not directly address the issue of constipation.

3. Which nursing action is best when managing a client with severe anxiety?

• A. Maintain a calm manner
• B. Help the client identify thoughts prior to the anxiety
• C. Administer anti-anxiety medication
• D. Initiate seclusion if anxiety escalates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to maintain a calm manner. When managing a client with severe anxiety, the nurse's calm presence can help the client feel more secure and reduce their anxiety levels. It is essential to create a safe and supportive environment. Helping the client identify thoughts prior to anxiety (choice B) may be beneficial in cognitive-behavioral interventions but may not be the initial best action for severe anxiety. Administering anti-anxiety medication (choice C) should be done by a healthcare provider's order and is not the first-line intervention for managing severe anxiety. Initiating seclusion (choice D) should only be considered as a last resort if the client is at risk of harm to themselves or others, as it can further escalate anxiety and should not be the initial action.

4. A healthcare professional is assisting with the admission of a client who is experiencing alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following medications should the healthcare professional expect the provider to prescribe for the client?

• A. Haloperidol
• B. Disulfiram
• C. Chlordiazepoxide
• D. Phenobarbital

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine commonly used to manage anxiety and prevent seizures during alcohol withdrawal. Haloperidol (Choice A) is an antipsychotic medication and is not typically used for alcohol withdrawal. Disulfiram (Choice B) is used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder but is not indicated for alcohol withdrawal. Phenobarbital (Choice D) may be used for alcohol withdrawal seizures but is not the first-line medication for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

5. A client who has undergone vein ligation and stripping to treat varicose veins should be instructed to do which of the following activities during discharge teaching?

• A. Remain sedentary for 2-3 days
• B. Walk for 1-2 hours each day
• C. Wear compression stockings only at night
• D. Elevate legs while sitting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Walk for 1-2 hours each day.' After vein ligation and stripping, walking helps promote circulation and aids in the recovery process. Option A is incorrect as remaining sedentary for 2-3 days can lead to decreased circulation and potentially increase the risk of complications. Option C is incorrect because compression stockings should typically be worn during the day to support circulation. Option D is incorrect as elevating the legs while sitting is beneficial, but walking is more effective in promoting circulation and recovery in this case.

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