what are the potential complications of a patient receiving hemodialysis

ATI LPN

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor

1. What are the potential complications of a patient receiving hemodialysis?

A. Infection and hypotension
B. Pulmonary embolism and fluid overload
C. Blood clot formation and electrolyte imbalance
D. Low blood pressure and nausea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Question: What are the potential complications of a patient receiving hemodialysis? Rationale: Infection and hypotension are common complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pulmonary embolism and fluid overload (Choice B) are less common complications associated with hemodialysis. Blood clot formation and electrolyte imbalance (Choice C) are also potential complications but are not as common as infection and hypotension. Low blood pressure and nausea (Choice D) can occur but are not as prevalent as infection and hypotension.

2. How should a healthcare professional manage a patient with a suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

A. Administer anticoagulants and monitor for bleeding
B. Elevate the limb and administer pain relief
C. Restrict mobility and apply warm compress
D. Administer IV fluids and provide bed rest

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected DVT management involves administering anticoagulants to prevent clot growth and monitoring for signs of bleeding. Elevating the limb and administering pain relief (Choice B) may help alleviate symptoms but do not address the underlying issue of preventing clot progression. Restricting mobility and applying warm compress (Choice C) could potentially dislodge the clot and worsen the condition. Administering IV fluids and providing bed rest (Choice D) are not primary interventions for managing DVT.

3. What are the common complications of diabetes, and how should they be managed?

A. Retinopathy and nephropathy; manage with regular screening
B. Neuropathy and cardiovascular disease; manage with medication
C. Foot ulcers and hypertension; manage with proper foot care
D. Hypertension and liver disease; manage with insulin therapy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Common complications of diabetes include retinopathy (damage to the retina) and nephropathy (kidney damage). These complications can be managed effectively with regular screening to detect any signs early on. Choice B is incorrect as neuropathy and cardiovascular disease are other complications of diabetes but are managed through various treatments and lifestyle modifications, not just medication. Choice C is incorrect as although foot ulcers and hypertension are associated with diabetes, the management involves proper foot care practices and blood pressure control, respectively. Choice D is incorrect as hypertension and liver disease are not the typical complications of diabetes, and insulin therapy is not the primary management for these conditions.

4. A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Administer insulin
B. Administer glucagon
C. Administer 4 oz of orange juice
D. Administer 1 L of water

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Administering 4 oz of orange juice is the appropriate action for a client experiencing hypoglycemia due to diabetes mellitus. Orange juice contains simple sugars that can quickly raise blood glucose levels. Insulin (Choice A) would further lower blood sugar, worsening the condition. Glucagon (Choice B) is used in severe hypoglycemia when the client cannot take anything by mouth. Administering 1 L of water (Choice D) is not indicated in hypoglycemia treatment; the priority is to raise blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct choice is to administer orange juice to address the low blood sugar in this situation.

5. What is the first step when administering a blood transfusion?

A. Warm the blood to body temperature
B. Verify the client's blood type before administration
C. Administer the blood through an IV push
D. Administer diuretics before the transfusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to verify the client's blood type before administration. This step is crucial to ensure compatibility and prevent adverse reactions such as hemolytic transfusion reactions. Warming the blood to body temperature (Choice A) is not the first step and is not typically done during blood transfusions. Administering the blood through an IV push (Choice C) is incorrect as blood transfusions are usually administered as a slow infusion. Administering diuretics before the transfusion (Choice D) is unnecessary and not a standard practice when initiating a blood transfusion.