what are the nursing interventions for a patient with copd

ATI LPN

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023

1. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with COPD?

A. Administer oxygen and provide breathing exercises
B. Suction airway secretions and encourage coughing
C. Administer bronchodilators and monitor oxygen saturation
D. Restrict fluids and encourage mobility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen and provide breathing exercises. These interventions are essential in managing COPD as they help improve lung function and oxygenation. Choice B is incorrect as suctioning airway secretions and encouraging coughing are not typically indicated for COPD patients. Choice C is incorrect as while administering bronchodilators is common in COPD treatment, monitoring oxygen saturation alone is not a comprehensive intervention. Choice D is incorrect as restricting fluids is not a standard intervention for COPD, and encouraging mobility, although beneficial, is not as directly related to managing COPD symptoms as administering oxygen and providing breathing exercises.

2. While caring for a client with an IV infusion who develops redness and warmth at the IV site, what is the most appropriate intervention?

A. Elevate the IV site and apply an ice pack
B. Administer an anti-inflammatory medication
C. Apply a cold compress to the IV site
D. Discontinue the IV and notify the provider

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct intervention when a client develops redness and warmth at the IV site, indicating phlebitis, is to discontinue the IV and notify the provider. This is crucial to prevent further complications. Elevating the IV site and applying an ice pack (Choice A) may not address the underlying issue of phlebitis. Administering an anti-inflammatory medication (Choice B) is not the primary intervention for phlebitis. Applying a cold compress (Choice C) may provide temporary relief but does not address the need to discontinue the IV when phlebitis occurs.

3. A client is expressing concern about extreme fatigue following an acute myocardial infarction. What is the best strategy to promote independence?

A. Instruct the client to rest until fully recovered
B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods
C. Assign assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks
D. Ask the client's family to assist with self-care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Encouraging the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods is the best strategy to promote independence. This approach helps the client regain confidence and autonomy in performing self-care activities. Instructing the client to rest until fully recovered (Choice A) may lead to decreased muscle strength and independence. Assigning assistive personnel (Choice C) does not empower the client to actively participate in their care. Involving the client's family (Choice D) may provide support but does not directly encourage the client's independence.

4. What is the proper technique for obtaining a blood specimen from a central venous line?

A. Use sterile gloves and discard the first 10 mL of blood
B. Flush the line with heparin and then draw the specimen
C. Draw the specimen and then administer heparin
D. Use non-sterile gloves to reduce contamination risk

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct technique for obtaining a blood specimen from a central venous line is to use sterile gloves and discard the first 10 mL of blood. This practice helps ensure that the blood sample collected is not contaminated. Choice B is incorrect because flushing the line with heparin before drawing the specimen can contaminate the sample. Choice C is incorrect as administering heparin before drawing the specimen can affect the accuracy of the blood sample. Choice D is incorrect as using non-sterile gloves increases the risk of contamination, which is not recommended when obtaining a blood specimen from a central venous line.

5. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with hypokalemia?

A. Administer potassium supplements and monitor ECG
B. Provide a high-sodium diet and monitor for hypertension
C. Monitor for muscle weakness and provide dietary education
D. Administer diuretics and provide oral fluids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct intervention for a patient with hypokalemia is to administer potassium supplements and monitor the ECG. Potassium supplements help correct the low potassium levels in the body, while ECG monitoring is essential to detect any cardiac arrhythmias associated with hypokalemia. Choice B is incorrect because a high-sodium diet would worsen hypokalemia by further depleting potassium levels. Choice C is incorrect as it only focuses on monitoring symptoms and providing dietary education, but does not address the immediate need to correct potassium levels. Choice D is also incorrect as administering diuretics would exacerbate hypokalemia by increasing potassium loss.