Nursing Elites

1. What are the key signs of infection after surgery?

• A. Redness
• B. Swelling
• C. Fever
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: After surgery, key signs of infection include redness, swelling, and fever. Redness and swelling can indicate inflammation at the surgical site, while fever is a systemic response to infection. Choosing 'All of the above' (Option D) is the correct answer because all three signs are commonly associated with post-surgical infections. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as each of them individually can be a sign of infection, but considering all three together provides a more comprehensive assessment for post-operative infection.

2. A nurse is teaching a client who has Parkinson's disease about dietary modifications. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Eat high-protein, high-calorie meals
• B. Drink milk with every meal
• C. Avoid foods high in carbohydrates
• D. Drink carbonated beverages with meals

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Eat high-protein, high-calorie meals.' Individuals with Parkinson's disease benefit from consuming high-protein, high-calorie meals to help maintain muscle mass and energy levels. This dietary modification is important in managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Choice B is incorrect because there is no specific requirement for drinking milk with every meal for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Choice C is incorrect as carbohydrates are also essential for a balanced diet and should not be completely avoided. Choice D is incorrect as carbonated beverages may interfere with the absorption of nutrients from food and are not recommended for individuals with Parkinson's disease.

3. When providing discharge instructions for a client prescribed home oxygen, what is an essential safety measure?

• A. Ensure the client has cotton bedding
• B. Keep the oxygen equipment away from heat sources
• C. Use wool blankets to ensure warmth
• D. Allow the client to use electronic devices near the oxygen supply

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Keep the oxygen equipment away from heat sources.' Placing oxygen equipment near heat sources can lead to fire hazards due to the flammability of oxygen. Cotton bedding or wool blankets are not directly related to oxygen safety measures. Allowing electronic devices near the oxygen supply can increase the risk of fire due to potential sparks or heat generated.

4. What are the common complications of diabetes, and how should they be managed?

• A. Retinopathy and nephropathy; manage with regular screening
• B. Neuropathy and cardiovascular disease; manage with medication
• C. Foot ulcers and hypertension; manage with proper foot care
• D. Hypertension and liver disease; manage with insulin therapy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Common complications of diabetes include retinopathy (damage to the retina) and nephropathy (kidney damage). These complications can be managed effectively with regular screening to detect any signs early on. Choice B is incorrect as neuropathy and cardiovascular disease are other complications of diabetes but are managed through various treatments and lifestyle modifications, not just medication. Choice C is incorrect as although foot ulcers and hypertension are associated with diabetes, the management involves proper foot care practices and blood pressure control, respectively. Choice D is incorrect as hypertension and liver disease are not the typical complications of diabetes, and insulin therapy is not the primary management for these conditions.

5. A healthcare provider is reviewing the medical record of a client who has coronary artery disease (CAD) and a prescription for aspirin. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider report to the provider?

• A. History of gastrointestinal bleeding
• B. History of asthma
• C. History of liver disease
• D. History of hypertension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A history of gastrointestinal bleeding is a critical finding to report to the healthcare provider because it is a contraindication for aspirin use in individuals with CAD. Aspirin can further increase the risk of bleeding in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding. Choices B, C, and D are not directly contraindications for aspirin use in this scenario. Asthma, liver disease, and hypertension are not typically contraindications for prescribing aspirin to patients with CAD.

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