a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has fluid volume deficit about selecting foods that have a high water content the nurse should inclu

ATI LPN

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers

1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has fluid volume deficit about selecting foods that have a high water content. The nurse should include that which of the following raw foods contains the highest amount of water per 1 cup serving?

A. Cherry tomatoes
B. Potatoes
C. Spinach
D. Cucumber slices

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, cucumber slices. Cucumbers have the highest water content per 1 cup serving among raw vegetables, making them an excellent choice for a client with fluid volume deficit. Cherry tomatoes (choice A), potatoes (choice B), and spinach (choice C) do not have as high water content as cucumbers and therefore are not the best choice for increasing fluid intake.

2. What are the primary differences between left-sided and right-sided heart failure?

A. Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Right-sided: Systemic edema
B. Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Left-sided: Systemic edema
C. Left-sided: Systemic edema; Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion
D. Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Left-sided: Heart failure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Right-sided: Systemic edema." Left-sided heart failure primarily affects the lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion, which manifests as symptoms like shortness of breath and cough. On the other hand, right-sided heart failure causes systemic congestion and edema, often presenting as swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid retention. Choice B is incorrect because it swaps the features of left-sided and right-sided heart failure. Choice C is incorrect as it also incorrectly switches the characteristics of the two types of heart failure. Choice D is incorrect because it inaccurately associates left-sided heart failure with pulmonary congestion and right-sided heart failure with heart failure itself, which is not a distinguishing feature.

3. While performing assessments on newborns in the nursery, which finding should the nurse report to the provider?

A. A two-day old newborn with a respiratory rate of 70.
B. A 16-hour old newborn who has not passed meconium yet.
C. A two-day old newborn with a small amount of blood-tinged vaginal discharge.
D. A 16-hour old newborn with a blood glucose of 45 mg/dL.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A respiratory rate of 70 in a two-day old newborn is above the normal range and should be reported to the provider. This finding may indicate respiratory distress or another underlying issue that needs prompt attention. Choices B, C, and D are within normal limits for newborns and do not require immediate reporting to the provider.

4. How should a healthcare professional manage a patient with diarrhea?

A. Provide oral fluids and monitor stool consistency
B. Administer antidiarrheal medications and monitor hydration
C. Monitor for electrolyte imbalances and provide antibiotics
D. Provide a low-fiber diet and monitor weight

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For a patient with diarrhea, the priority is to manage dehydration by providing oral fluids and monitoring stool consistency. Option B suggesting administering antidiarrheal medications is not recommended as it may prolong the infection by preventing the body from expelling the infectious agent. Option C is incorrect because antibiotics are not routinely indicated for diarrhea unless there is a specific bacterial infection. Option D is not the most appropriate initial intervention for managing diarrhea since a low-fiber diet may not provide adequate nutrition for the patient or help resolve the underlying cause of diarrhea.

5. What are the risk factors for developing pneumonia in older adults?

A. Immobility and decreased lung function
B. Poor hygiene and aspiration
C. Use of respiratory equipment and medications
D. Poor nutritional status and compromised immune system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immobility and decreased lung function. Older adults with immobility and decreased lung function are at a higher risk of developing pneumonia. Immobility can lead to decreased lung expansion and impaired clearance of secretions, predisposing to pneumonia. While poor hygiene, aspiration, use of respiratory equipment, medications, poor nutritional status, and compromised immune system can also contribute to pneumonia risk, they are not as directly associated with pneumonia in older adults as immobility and decreased lung function.