Nursing Elites

1. What are the key nursing interventions for a patient undergoing dialysis?

• A. Monitor fluid balance and administer heparin
• B. Monitor blood pressure and prevent clot formation
• C. Administer medications and monitor blood chemistry
• D. Provide dietary education and encourage protein intake

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor fluid balance and administer heparin. For a patient undergoing dialysis, it is crucial to monitor fluid balance to prevent fluid overload or depletion. Administering heparin helps prevent clot formation during the dialysis process. Option B is incorrect as while monitoring blood pressure is essential, preventing clot formation is more directly related to heparin administration. Option C is incorrect because administering medications and monitoring blood chemistry are not the primary interventions for dialysis. Option D is incorrect as while dietary education and protein intake are important for overall health, they are not the key nursing interventions specifically for a patient undergoing dialysis.

2. How should a healthcare professional respond to a patient with hypokalemia?

• A. Administer potassium supplements and monitor ECG
• B. Restrict fluid intake and provide a high-sodium diet
• C. Monitor sodium levels and provide insulin therapy
• D. Provide calcium supplements and monitor for hyperkalemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hypokalemia is managed by administering potassium supplements to correct the low potassium levels in the body. Monitoring the ECG is essential because low potassium levels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Choice B is incorrect as restricting fluid intake and providing a high-sodium diet are not appropriate for managing hypokalemia. Choice C is incorrect because hypokalemia involves low potassium levels, not sodium levels, and insulin therapy does not directly address this issue. Choice D is incorrect as calcium supplements are not indicated for hypokalemia, and monitoring for hyperkalemia is not relevant in this case.

3. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has dependent personality disorder. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

• A. Limit social interactions
• B. Demonstrate assertiveness
• C. Follow a rigid schedule
• D. Perform deep breathing exercises

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Demonstrate assertiveness.' For clients with dependent personality disorder, assertiveness training is crucial as it helps them become more independent and develop the skills to express their own needs and preferences effectively. Choice A ('Limit social interactions') is incorrect because promoting healthy social interactions is important for individuals with this disorder to build confidence and reduce dependency. Choice C ('Follow a rigid schedule') is incorrect as overly rigid schedules may exacerbate feelings of helplessness and dependence. Choice D ('Perform deep breathing exercises') is not directly related to addressing the core issues of dependent personality disorder, which primarily involve developing self-reliance and assertiveness.

4. A nurse is instructing a group of nursing students about the responsibilities involved with organ donation and procurement. When the nurse explains that all clients waiting for a kidney transplant have to meet the same qualifications, the students should understand that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which ethical principle?

• A. Fidelity
• B. Autonomy
• C. Justice
• D. Non-maleficence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Justice. Justice in healthcare ethics refers to fairness and equality in the distribution of resources and treatments. In this scenario, ensuring that all clients waiting for a kidney transplant meet the same qualifications demonstrates the ethical principle of justice by providing equal opportunities for all candidates. Choice A, fidelity, pertains to keeping promises and being faithful to agreements, which is not the primary ethical principle at play in this situation. Autonomy, choice B, relates to respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions, which is not directly applicable in the context of organ transplant qualifications. Non-maleficence, choice D, refers to the principle of doing no harm, which is important but not the primary ethical principle highlighted in this scenario.

5. A client who is to undergo a colonoscopy is being taught by a nurse about the procedure. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will drink liquids right up until the procedure.
• B. I will need to stop eating and drinking at least 24 hours before the procedure.
• C. I will be sedated and will not feel any pain during the procedure.
• D. I will not need to follow any specific dietary restrictions for this procedure.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer. During a colonoscopy, clients are typically sedated, so they do not feel any pain during the procedure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Clients are usually required to stop eating and drinking at least 24 hours before a colonoscopy, and there are specific dietary restrictions that need to be followed before the procedure to ensure a successful examination.

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