Nursing Elites

1. Which valves are part of the heart?

• A. Tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic
• B. Aortic, pulmonary, mitral, tricuspid
• C. Aortic, pulmonary, Erb's point, tricuspid
• D. Aortic, pulmonic, Erb's point, tricuspid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct valves of the heart are the aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral (bicuspid) valves. Choice B correctly lists the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves. Erb's point is not a valve but rather an auscultation point on the chest, making choices C and D incorrect.

2. Which valve prevents blood from entering the left atrium when the ventricles contract?

• A. Pulmonary valve
• B. Tricuspid valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The mitral valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, the pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and the aortic valve is situated between the left ventricle and the aorta. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not related to preventing blood from entering the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

3. A scientist wants to conduct quantitative research. Which method should they use?

• A. Collecting patient narratives.
• B. Tracking the dosage of a drug and its blood levels in the patient.
• C. Observing a patient's physical changes.
• D. Writing journal notes about the research experience.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In quantitative research, numerical data is collected and analyzed. Choice B, tracking the dosage of a drug and its blood levels in the patient, involves collecting quantitative data, making it the correct method. Choices A, C, and D involve qualitative data such as narratives, physical observations, and journal notes, which do not align with the quantitative research method.

4. During which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis typically occur?

• A. Interphase
• B. Mitosis
• C. Meiosis
• D. G2 phase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell into two daughter cells after the nucleus has divided during mitosis. In the cell cycle, cytokinesis typically occurs at the end of the mitotic phase, following the separation of the duplicated chromosomes into two identical sets in the daughter nuclei. Interphase (option A) is the phase where the cell grows, carries out its normal functions, and prepares for cell division, but cytokinesis does not occur during this phase. Meiosis (option C) is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce gametes, and cytokinesis occurs at the end of meiosis II, not meiosis I. G2 phase (option D) is the phase of the cell cycle following DNA replication in S phase and preceding mitosis, where the cell prepares for cell division, but cytokinesis occurs during mitosis, not in the G2 phase.

5. A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is called:

• A. Mutualism
• B. Commensalism
• C. Parasitism
• D. Predation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B) Commensalism: In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This is the relationship described in the question. The correct answer is Commensalism because it specifically fits the scenario where one organism benefits without affecting the other. A) Mutualism: In mutualism, both organisms involved benefit from the relationship. C) Parasitism: In parasitism, one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism, which is harmed. D) Predation: In predation, one organism (predator) kills and consumes another organism (prey) for food.

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