Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

• A. Heartbeat
• B. Respiration
• C. Electrolyte and water balance
• D. Homeostasis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The primary function of the endocrine system is to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the stable internal conditions of the body, including body temperature, blood pH, and glucose levels. The endocrine system achieves this by releasing hormones that regulate various physiological processes and help keep the body's internal environment in balance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while the endocrine system does influence heart rate, electrolyte and water balance, and respiration to some extent, its primary role is to regulate homeostasis by releasing hormones.

2. How does the body maintain a relatively constant blood pH level, even with changes in blood carbon dioxide concentration?

• A. Cellular respiration
• B. Gas exchange
• C. Buffering system
• D. Deoxygenation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Buffering system. The buffering system is responsible for maintaining a relatively constant blood pH level by minimizing changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the blood. This system consists of chemical compounds that can donate or accept protons to help stabilize the pH. Choice A, Cellular respiration, and Choice B, Gas exchange, are processes involved in gas exchange within the body, not specifically related to maintaining blood pH. Choice D, Deoxygenation, refers to the removal of oxygen from a substance and is not directly related to the regulation of blood pH.

3. Which term refers to a position toward the feet? For example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity.

• A. Anterior
• B. Posterior
• C. Superior
• D. Inferior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Inferior.' 'Inferior' refers to a position located towards the feet or lower part of the body. This is the opposite of 'superior,' which indicates a position towards the head or upper part of the body. 'Anterior' refers to the front of the body, 'posterior' refers to the back of the body, making them incorrect choices in this context.

4. What is the milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels called?

• A. Plasma
• B. Blood
• C. Chyle
• D. Mucus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called chyle. Chyle is formed in the small intestine during the digestion of fatty foods and contains a mixture of lymph and emulsified fats. Plasma is the liquid component of blood, not lymphatic fluid. Blood refers to the fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system, not lymphatic fluid. Mucus is a slimy substance secreted by mucous membranes, not the fluid transported by lymphatic vessels.

5. During a scientific investigation, what is intentionally changed or manipulated?

• A. The dependent variable.
• B. The control.
• C. The hypothesis.
• D. The independent variable.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During a scientific investigation, the independent variable is intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its impact or effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is the one being tested or studied to see how it influences the dependent variable. In contrast, the dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment and is expected to change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable. Choices A, B, and C are not directly altered during a scientific investigation but play different roles in the research process. Therefore, the correct answer is D - the independent variable.

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