the nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control include minerals vitamins and

ATI LPN

PN Nutrition Assessment ATI

1. The nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control include minerals, vitamins, and:

A. amino acids.
B. carbohydrates.
C. fats.
D. water.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, water. Water plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation along with vitamins and minerals. While amino acids, carbohydrates, and fats are essential nutrients for various bodily functions, they are not primarily involved in metabolic regulation and control.

2. Consuming 30 g of which nutrient would provide the highest number of kcalories?

A. Carbohydrates
B. Fat
C. Protein
D. Micronutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Fat.' Fat provides 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than carbohydrates and proteins that provide 4 kcalories per gram each. Therefore, consuming 30 g of fat would yield a higher number of kcalories compared to the same amount of carbohydrates or proteins. Micronutrients do not significantly contribute to kcalories, making them an incorrect choice in this scenario.

3. At what pH does the digestion of protein by pepsin in the stomach require?

A. 1.8 and 3.5.
B. 4.8 and 7.0.
C. 6.8 and 8.5.
D. 7.8 and 10.0.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1.8 and 3.5. Pepsin, an enzyme involved in protein digestion, functions optimally in an acidic environment, specifically between pH 1.8 and 3.5. This low pH is necessary for pepsin to break down proteins effectively. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pepsin requires a highly acidic environment, ruling out the pH ranges listed in those options.

4. One characteristic of an essential fatty acid is that it:

A. comes from a plant source.
B. comes from an animal source.
C. is not manufactured by the body.
D. is manufactured by the body.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body and must be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from plant sources as well. Choice B is incorrect as essential fatty acids are primarily derived from plant sources. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids cannot be produced by the body. Therefore, the only accurate statement is that essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body.

5. The Dietary Guidelines are published and revised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in association with the:

A. Department of Health and Human Services.
B. National Institutes of Health.
C. National Academy of Sciences.
D. Food and Nutrition Board.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The U.S. Department of Agriculture collaborates with the Department of Health and Human Services to publish and revise the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This collaboration ensures that the guidelines encompass both agricultural and health aspects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly involved in the publication and revision of the Dietary Guidelines. The National Institutes of Health focuses on medical research, the National Academy of Sciences provides independent scientific advice, and the Food and Nutrition Board is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.