Nursing Elites

1. What is the network of vessels and ducts responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues?

• A. Circulatory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Lymphatic system
• D. Respiratory system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the Lymphatic system (option C). The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. It works alongside the circulatory system to maintain fluid balance in the body. The circulatory system (option A) transports blood, the digestive system (option B) processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste, while the respiratory system (option D) is responsible for gas exchange, specifically the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.

2. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement. Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Cardiac muscle
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue found in the heart. Unlike skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, meaning it contracts without conscious control. It forms the majority of the heart's structure and is essential for its rhythmic contraction to pump blood throughout the body. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements, while smooth muscle is found in organs and blood vessels, controlling various involuntary functions like digestion and blood flow. Therefore, choices A (Skeletal muscle) and B (Smooth muscle) are incorrect as they are not the types of muscle tissue found in the heart.

3. Which valve prevents blood from entering the left atrium when the ventricles contract?

• A. Pulmonary valve
• B. Tricuspid valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The mitral valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, the pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and the aortic valve is situated between the left ventricle and the aorta. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not related to preventing blood from entering the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

4. Which of the following are examples of positive correlation?

• A. As rainfall increases, plant stem length decreases.
• B. As rainfall increases, roots show longer length.
• C. When plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, the line trends to the lower right.
• D. When plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, the line trends to the upper right.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. In this case, when plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, if the line trends to the upper right, it shows a positive correlation where as rainfall increases, plant length also increases. Choices A, B, and C show either no correlation or negative correlation, as they describe scenarios where the variables move in different or opposite directions.

5. What generates action potentials, the all-or-nothing electrical signals traveling along neurons?

• A. Glucose
• B. Sodium and potassium ions
• C. Neurotransmitters
• D. Myelin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Action potentials, the all-or-nothing electrical signals traveling along neurons, are generated by the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the neuronal membrane. This movement creates changes in the membrane potential, leading to the propagation of the electrical signal along the neuron. Glucose is a source of energy for neurons but is not directly involved in generating action potentials. Neurotransmitters are involved in communication between neurons but do not directly generate action potentials. Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates and speeds up the conduction of action potentials but does not generate them.

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