Nursing Elites

1. Which gland, often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system and located at the base of the brain, secretes various hormones that control other glands?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pituitary gland is correctly known as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system. It is situated at the base of the brain and plays a crucial role in secreting a variety of hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. These hormones control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and various other essential bodily functions. The other choices, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas, are incorrect as they do not serve as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system nor are located at the base of the brain like the pituitary gland.

2. Which of the following constituents of blood is a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus?

• A. Plasma
• B. Platelet
• C. RBC
• D. WBC

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, RBC (Red Blood Cell). Red blood cells are biconcave discs that lack a nucleus, allowing them to carry oxygen efficiently. Plasma (A) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances. Platelets (B) are cell fragments important for blood clotting. White blood cells (WBCs) (D) are part of the immune system and have a nucleus.

3. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons:

• A. Are completely transferred to one atom.
• B. Spend more time closer to the more electronegative atom.
• C. Remain equidistant between the two atoms.
• D. Do not influence the bond strength.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a covalent bond, the shared electrons spend more time closer to the more electronegative atom. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. The more electronegative atom exerts a stronger pull on the shared electrons, causing them to be closer to that atom. Choice A is incorrect because in a covalent bond, electrons are shared, not completely transferred. Choice C is incorrect as the shared electrons are not equidistant but are closer to one atom due to electronegativity differences. Choice D is incorrect because shared electrons play a significant role in determining the bond strength by the strength of the bond formed through electron sharing.

4. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

• A. To transport oxygen throughout the body
• B. To filter blood and remove waste
• C. To fight infection and remove excess fluid
• D. To transport hormones

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To fight infection and remove excess fluid.' The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by fighting infections through lymphocytes and removing excess fluid from tissues, maintaining fluid balance. It does not primarily transport oxygen, filter blood, or transport hormones. While the lymphatic system is involved in lipid absorption and transport, its primary functions are related to immunity and fluid balance.

5. Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) can potentially cause infertility in both men and women if left untreated?

• A. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• B. Chlamydia
• C. Gonorrhea
• D. Syphilis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chlamydia is the correct answer because if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, both of which can cause infertility. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often presents with no symptoms, making it important for individuals to get tested regularly, especially if they are sexually active. It is crucial to detect and treat Chlamydia early to prevent long-term consequences such as infertility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to genital warts and certain types of cancer but is not typically associated with infertility. Gonorrhea and syphilis can cause serious health problems if untreated, but infertility is more commonly associated with Chlamydia.

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