Nursing Elites

1. The function of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is to designate nutrient recommendations for:

• A. different ethnic groups.
• B. all individuals.
• C. most people.
• D. most healthy people.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are established to provide nutrient recommendations for most healthy people. They are not specific to different ethnic groups (choice A), all individuals (choice B), or most people (choice C). DRIs aim to prevent nutrient deficiencies and chronic diseases in healthy individuals by setting intake levels for various nutrients.

2. The body of scientific knowledge related to nutritional requirements for human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction is known as:

• A. physiology.
• B. nutrition science.
• C. biochemistry.
• D. dietetics.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nutrition science. Nutrition science specifically focuses on studying the requirements and functions of nutrients in relation to human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction. Choice A, physiology, deals more with the functions of living organisms and their parts, not specifically related to nutrients. Choice C, biochemistry, focuses on the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, not specifically centered on nutritional requirements. Choice D, dietetics, involves the application of nutritional knowledge in planning and managing diets for individuals, but it is more focused on the practical aspect rather than the broader scientific study of nutritional requirements.

3. What are the small, fingerlike projections into the intestinal lumen called?

• A. Villi
• B. Goblets
• C. Lacteals
• D. Polyps

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Villi. Villi are small fingerlike projections in the intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. Goblets (choice B) are mucus-secreting cells in the intestines. Lacteals (choice C) are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb dietary fats. Polyps (choice D) are abnormal tissue growths.

4. What is the basis of MyPlate food guidance?

• A. Percentage of calories from each macronutrient.
• B. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
• C. Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.
• D. Amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.' MyPlate food guidance focuses on portion sizes from different food groups to promote a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because MyPlate emphasizes the consumption of a variety of foods from different food groups rather than focusing solely on macronutrient percentages, exchange lists, or specific nutrient amounts.

5. Which types of acids form the basic building blocks of protein?

• A. fatty
• B. amino
• C. nucleic
• D. omega fatty

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: amino.' Amino acids are the fundamental units that make up proteins. They are essential for various bodily functions, including building and repairing tissues. Choice A, 'fatty acids,' are not the basic building blocks of proteins but rather a type of lipid. Choice C, 'nucleic acids,' are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Choice D, 'omega fatty acids,' are a specific type of fatty acid known for their health benefits but are not directly related to the building blocks of proteins.

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