Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are classical clinical manifestations that a patient with diabetes mellitus will exhibit EXCEPT?

• A. Polyuria
• B. Polydipsia
• C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• D. Weight loss

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The classical clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus include polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and weight loss. Diabetic ketoacidosis is not a classical manifestation but rather a serious complication that can occur in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

2. Which of the following signs or symptoms is more common in children than adults following an isolated head injury?

• A. Changes in pupillary reaction
• B. Tachycardia and diaphoresis
• C. Nausea and vomiting
• D. Altered mental status

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are more common in children than adults following an isolated head injury. Children often present with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting after a head injury due to differences in physiological responses compared to adults.

3. If a baby weighs 14 kg, how much fluid should be administered to the baby over 24 hours using a rate of 100 ml/kg?

• A. 1400ml
• B. 2600ml
• C. 1650ml
• D. 3360ml

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the fluid requirement for a baby, multiply the weight of the baby (14 kg) by the fluid rate (100 ml/kg): 14 kg x 100 ml/kg = 1400 ml. Therefore, the correct answer is 1400 ml.

4. What is the main cause or association of Type 2 diabetes?

• A. Mostly associated with autoantibodies
• B. Mostly associated with childhood cancer
• C. Commonly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome
• D. Commonly associated with overeating

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. These conditions are major contributing factors to the development of Type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities linked to excess body weight and unhealthy lifestyle habits.

5. Atta, who weighs 20kg, has been prescribed amoxicillin 500 mg b.i.d. The drug information indicates a daily dose of amoxicillin at 50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. What is the safest dose in milligrams for this child?

• A. 1000 mg
• B. 750 mg
• C. 500 mg
• D. 250 mg

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the safest dose of amoxicillin for Atta, we multiply the weight (20kg) by the daily dose (50 mg/kg/day) which equals 1000 mg/day. Since the dose is to be given in two divided doses, the safest dose for each administration would be 500 mg. Therefore, the correct answer is 1000 mg, as it aligns with the prescribed dose for this child based on weight and dosing guidelines. Choice B, 750 mg, is incorrect as it does not match the calculated daily dose. Choice C, 500 mg, is incorrect as it represents the safest dose for each administration, not the total daily dose. Choice D, 250 mg, is incorrect as it is below the calculated daily dose required for the child.

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