Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are classical clinical manifestations that a patient with diabetes mellitus will exhibit EXCEPT?

• A. Polyuria
• B. Polydipsia
• C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• D. Weight loss

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The classical clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus include polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and weight loss. Diabetic ketoacidosis is not a classical manifestation but rather a serious complication that can occur in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

2. What advice should a school-age child with type 1 diabetes mellitus follow to prevent hypoglycemia during soccer practice?

• A. Drink a cup of orange juice before soccer practice
• B. Eat twice the amount normally eaten at lunchtime
• C. Take half the amount of prescribed insulin on practice days
• D. Take the prescribed insulin at noontime rather than in the morning

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Drinking orange juice before soccer practice is recommended to prevent hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Orange juice contains fast-acting carbohydrates that can quickly raise blood sugar levels if they drop during physical activity. Eating twice the amount normally eaten at lunchtime can lead to hyperglycemia, which is high blood sugar, rather than preventing hypoglycemia. Adjusting insulin doses should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Taking insulin at noontime rather than in the morning does not directly address preventing hypoglycemia during afternoon soccer practice.

3. When discussing heart conditions, a healthcare provider explains a condition in which the lungs retain extra fluid due to left ventricular impairment. What is this condition?

• A. Whooping cough
• B. Pneumonia
• C. Asthma
• D. Pulmonary edema

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Pulmonary edema is the correct answer. It is a condition characterized by the retention of extra fluid in the lungs, often due to left ventricular impairment. This fluid buildup can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Whooping cough (Choice A), pneumonia (Choice B), and asthma (Choice C) are not conditions related to the retention of fluid in the lungs due to left ventricular impairment. Whooping cough is a bacterial respiratory infection, pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, and asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction.

4. Which of the following interventions is NOT appropriate for a hospitalized adolescent?

• A. Allow the adolescent to assist with procedures when possible.
• B. Encourage them to discuss their thoughts and feelings about the hospitalization.
• C. Encourage them to remain in the room throughout the hospitalization to ensure adequate rest periods.
• D. Encourage peer visitation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Encouraging the adolescent to remain in the room throughout the hospitalization may lead to social isolation, hinder the adolescent's emotional well-being, and impede their recovery. It is essential for adolescents to have social interaction, engage in meaningful conversations, and receive support from peers to cope with the stress of hospitalization. Choices A, B, and D are appropriate interventions as they promote involvement in care, emotional expression, and social support, which are beneficial for the adolescent's overall well-being during hospitalization.

5. During the 5-minute Apgar assessment of a newborn, you note a heart rate of 130 beats/min, cyanosis in the hands and feet, and rapid respirations. The baby cries when you flick the soles of its feet and resists leg straightening. These findings correspond to an Apgar score of:

• A. 9
• B. 7
• C. 8
• D. 10

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Apgar score is a rapid assessment tool to evaluate the newborn's transition to life outside the womb. The Apgar score is based on five components: heart rate (>100 bpm), respiratory effort (rapid breathing), muscle tone (resisting leg straightening), reflex irritability (crying when feet are flicked), and color (cyanosis to extremities). The described findings match a score of 9, indicating good overall condition and adaptation to extrauterine life.

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