Nursing Elites

1. The chemical equation below is unbalanced. When it is properly balanced, how many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced for each molecule of propane (C3H8) in the reaction? 3C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

• A. One Half.
• B. Two.
• C. Three.
• D. Five.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane is: 3C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O. This equation shows that for every 3 molecules of propane (C3H8) consumed, 3 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced. Therefore, when properly balanced, 3CO2 are produced for each molecule of propane used. Thus, the correct answer is B: Two. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct stoichiometry as determined by the balanced equation.

2. What are the three layers of the skin?

• A. Epidermis, dermis, subdermis
• B. Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
• C. Dermis, subdermis, hypodermis
• D. Epidermis, dermis, adipose layer

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. The three layers of the skin are the epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer), and hypodermis (inner layer of fat and connective tissue). The hypodermis is also known as the subcutaneous tissue and is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue, providing insulation and padding to the body. Choice A is incorrect as 'subdermis' is not a recognized layer of the skin. Choice C is incorrect as 'dermis' is the middle layer, not the outer layer. Choice D is incorrect as the layer below the dermis is the hypodermis, not specifically an 'adipose layer.'

3. Bile, a digestive juice, is produced by which organ?

• A. Stomach
• B. Liver
• C. Pancreas
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver. It is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The stomach (Choice A) produces gastric juices, not bile. The pancreas (Choice C) produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate but not bile. The small intestine (Choice D) is where bile is released to aid in digestion but is not the organ that produces bile.

4. Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

• A. uterus
• B. fallopian tube
• C. endometrium
• D. ovary

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, specifically in the ampulla, which is the widest part of the tube. After ovulation, the released egg travels through the fallopian tube where it may encounter sperm for fertilization to take place. The fallopian tube provides the ideal environment for fertilization due to the presence of cilia that help move the egg and sperm towards each other. The uterus is where the fertilized egg will implant and develop into a fetus, not where fertilization occurs. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus that thickens to support a potential pregnancy but is not the site of fertilization. The ovary releases the egg during ovulation but is not where fertilization occurs.

5. Which of the following is NOT a major component of a healthy blood pressure reading?

• A. Systolic pressure (peak pressure during ventricular contraction)
• B. Diastolic pressure (pressure within arteries during ventricular relaxation)
• C. Pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressure)
• D. Blood oxygen saturation levels. While blood oxygen levels are crucial for overall health, they are not directly reflected in a blood pressure reading.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Blood oxygen saturation levels are essential for overall health but are not directly part of a blood pressure reading. A healthy blood pressure reading consists of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and pulse pressure. Systolic pressure represents the peak pressure during ventricular contraction, diastolic pressure reflects the pressure within arteries during ventricular relaxation, and pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. These components collectively provide information about the pressure variations within the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle phases, contributing to the assessment of cardiovascular health. Therefore, choice D, blood oxygen saturation levels, is not a major component of a healthy blood pressure reading and is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are major components of a healthy blood pressure reading and directly relate to the pressure variations within the arteries during different phases of the cardiac cycle.

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