Nursing Elites

1. Identify the opposing muscle pair.

• A. Bicep and tricep (Arm flexion and extension)
• B. Hamstring and quadriceps (Knee extension and flexion)
• C. Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor (Chest muscles)
• D. Trapezius and deltoid (Shoulder movement)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The bicep and tricep muscles form an antagonistic muscle pair, where one muscle contracts while the other relaxes. The bicep, located on the front of the upper arm, is responsible for arm flexion (bending the elbow), while the tricep, situated on the back of the upper arm, is responsible for arm extension (straightening the elbow). This opposing action allows for controlled movement at the elbow joint. Choice B, hamstring and quadriceps, are not opposing muscles in the context of the knee joint; the hamstring group flexes the knee, while the quadriceps group extends it. Choices C and D do not represent an opposing muscle pair related to joint movement.

2. Which of the following represents a form of potential energy?

• A. A moving car
• B. A spinning top
• C. A raised hammer
• D. A rolling ball

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A raised hammer represents potential energy as it possesses stored energy due to its position above the ground. When the hammer falls, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as it moves. In contrast, options A, B, and D involve objects already in motion, representing kinetic energy. Choice A, a moving car, is in motion and has kinetic energy. Choice B, a spinning top, is also in motion and exhibits kinetic energy. Choice D, a rolling ball, is already moving and thus has kinetic energy. Therefore, only choice C, a raised hammer, is the correct representation of potential energy among the given options.

3. Which of the following terms refers to the abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination, potentially indicating a heart valve issue?

• A. Tachycardia
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Heart murmur
• D. Arrhythmia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination of the heart. It can indicate issues with the heart valves, such as stenosis or regurgitation. Tachycardia refers to a fast heart rate, bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate, and arrhythmia refers to an irregular heart rhythm. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Heart murmur,' as it specifically relates to the abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination that may signal a heart valve issue.

4. A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is called:

• A. Mutualism
• B. Commensalism
• C. Parasitism
• D. Predation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B) Commensalism: In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This is the relationship described in the question. The correct answer is Commensalism because it specifically fits the scenario where one organism benefits without affecting the other. A) Mutualism: In mutualism, both organisms involved benefit from the relationship. C) Parasitism: In parasitism, one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism, which is harmed. D) Predation: In predation, one organism (predator) kills and consumes another organism (prey) for food.

5. What is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients?

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Fibrosis
• D. Rigor mortis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Atrophy is the correct term for the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients. It is essential to differentiate atrophy from hypertrophy, which is the increase in muscle size due to exercise or strength training. Fibrosis involves the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue, which is distinct from muscle wasting. Rigor mortis, on the other hand, is the stiffening of muscles that occurs after death and is not related to muscle wasting during life.

Similar Questions