Nursing Elites

1. Which valve allows blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle?

• A. Tricuspid valve
• B. Pulmonic valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Tricuspid valve. This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle in the heart. Its primary function is to facilitate the flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle and to prevent the backflow of blood. The Pulmonic valve (choice B) is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, not between the right atrium and ventricle, making it incorrect. The Mitral valve (choice C) is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle, not the right side, so it is incorrect. The Aortic valve (choice D) is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta, not involved in the right atrium and ventricle connection, hence it is also incorrect.

2. What is the term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues?

• A. Inhalation
• B. Exhalation
• C. External respiration
• D. Internal respiration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: External respiration is the correct term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues. It specifically refers to the exchange of gases that occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream to be exhaled. Inhalation and exhalation, choices A and B, are phases of the breathing process that involve the intake and expulsion of air into and out of the lungs, respectively. Internal respiration, choice D, is the process of gas exchange that happens at the cellular level between the blood and body tissues, not between the blood and the lungs or tissues as in external respiration. Therefore, external respiration is the most appropriate term for the described gas exchange process in the question.

3. Identify the correct sequence of the 3 primary body planes as numbered 1, 2, and 3 in the above image.

• A. Plane 1 is coronal, plane 2 is sagittal, and plane 3 is transverse.
• B. Plane 1 is sagittal, plane 2 is coronal, and plane 3 is medial.
• C. Plane 1 is coronal, plane 2 is sagittal, and plane 3 is medial.
• D. Plane 1 is sagittal, plane 2 is coronal, and plane 3 is transverse.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the standard anatomical position, plane 1 (coronal/frontal plane) divides the body into anterior and posterior portions, plane 2 (sagittal plane) divides the body into left and right portions, and plane 3 (transverse/horizontal plane) divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Therefore, the correct sequence is Plane 1 as coronal, Plane 2 as sagittal, and Plane 3 as transverse, which corresponds to Choice A. Choice B is incorrect as it misidentifies the planes. Plane 2 cannot be coronal as it specifically divides the body into left and right portions. Choice C is incorrect as it misidentifies Plane 2 as sagittal when it should be coronal. Choice D is incorrect as it incorrectly designates Plane 2 as coronal when it should be sagittal, leading to an inaccurate sequence of the primary body planes.

4. When a person pushes a box across the floor, which of the following forces is NOT doing work?

• A. The person's pushing force
• B. The normal force from the floor
• C. The gravitational force on the box
• D. The frictional force between the box and the floor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The normal force from the floor is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the box, so it does not contribute to the work being done. Work is only done by forces acting in the direction of motion of an object. In this case, the normal force is acting at a right angle to the motion, hence it does not perform any work on the box. The person's pushing force, the gravitational force, and the frictional force are all acting in the direction of motion of the box, so they contribute to the work being done in moving the box across the floor.

5. What is the functional group present in amines?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Amine
• D. Nitro

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The functional group present in amines is the amine group, represented as -NH2. Amines are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms. The amine group distinguishes amines from other types of organic compounds, such as alcohols with the hydroxyl group, ketones with the carbonyl group, and nitro compounds with the nitro group. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Amine.'

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