Nursing Elites

1. What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur along with carbon dioxide and water?

• A. Glucose.
• B. Nitrogen.
• C. Chlorophyll.
• D. Hydrogen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment that is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy, allowing plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a process crucial for plant growth. Glucose (choice A) is produced during photosynthesis and is not an ingredient necessary for the process itself. Nitrogen (choice B) is important for plant growth but is not a direct ingredient for photosynthesis. Hydrogen (choice D) is found in water, which is indeed one of the necessary ingredients for photosynthesis, but chlorophyll is specifically required to capture light energy for the process to occur.

2. How many amino acids are considered indispensable or essential?

• A. 9
• B. 10
• C. 12
• D. 14

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 9. Nine amino acids are considered essential or indispensable because they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. These amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the number of essential amino acids is specifically 9, as they are crucial for various bodily functions.

3. What types of muscular movement occur in the intestine?

• A. Longitudinal and circular.
• B. Expulsion and traction.
• C. Tonus and clonus.
• D. Intermittent and continuous.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Longitudinal and circular. Longitudinal and circular muscles are responsible for the movements that help propel food through the intestine. Choice B, expulsion and traction, is incorrect as these terms do not specifically relate to the types of muscular movement in the intestine. Choice C, tonus and clonus, refers to different types of muscle contractions and are not the primary movements in the intestine. Choice D, intermittent and continuous, does not accurately describe the specific types of muscular movement that occur in the intestine.

4. Why is fat important in the diet?

• A. It supplies a constant source of vitamins.
• B. It speeds up the digestive process.
• C. It provides satiety.
• D. It stimulates the release of important digestive enzymes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat is important in the diet because it provides satiety. Fat slows down digestion and absorption, which helps in making you feel full longer. This feeling of fullness is crucial in controlling food intake and managing weight. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fat's main role in providing satiety is related to slowing down digestion, not supplying a constant source of vitamins, speeding up digestion, or stimulating the release of digestive enzymes. While some types of fats can provide certain vitamins, the main purpose of fat in satiety is not vitamin supply.

5. What substance acts as an emulsifier and helps absorb digested fat?

• A. bile
• B. trypsin
• C. lipase
• D. cholecystokinin (CCK)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: bile. Bile acts as an emulsifier, breaking down fats into smaller droplets to aid in digestion and absorption. Trypsin is a digestive enzyme that acts on proteins, not fats. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, but it doesn't act as an emulsifier. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes, including lipase, but it is not directly involved in emulsification.

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