Nursing Elites

1. In an analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount is called:

• A. indispensable.
• B. dispensable.
• C. complementary.
• D. limiting.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'limiting.' In the analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid that occurs in the smallest amount is referred to as the limiting amino acid. This term is used because when one essential amino acid is deficient, it limits the synthesis of proteins, making it crucial in determining protein quality. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Indispensable' and 'dispensable' refer to the essentiality of amino acids, and 'complementary' does not describe the concept of the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount.

2. A physical science that contributes to understanding how nutrition relates to health and well-being is:

• A. anatomy
• B. biochemistry
• C. physics
• D. pharmacology

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Biochemistry is the correct answer because it focuses on understanding the chemical processes related to nutrition and how nutrients affect the body. Anatomy (choice A) primarily deals with the structure of organisms, not the chemical processes of nutrition. Physics (choice C) deals with energy and matter, not specifically related to nutrition. Pharmacology (choice D) focuses on drugs and their interactions with the body, not directly related to nutrition and its effects on health.

3. What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur along with carbon dioxide and water?

• A. Glucose.
• B. Nitrogen.
• C. Chlorophyll.
• D. Hydrogen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment that is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy, allowing plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a process crucial for plant growth. Glucose (choice A) is produced during photosynthesis and is not an ingredient necessary for the process itself. Nitrogen (choice B) is important for plant growth but is not a direct ingredient for photosynthesis. Hydrogen (choice D) is found in water, which is indeed one of the necessary ingredients for photosynthesis, but chlorophyll is specifically required to capture light energy for the process to occur.

4. What are oligosaccharides composed of?

• A. 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
• B. large portions of partially digested starch.
• C. nonnutritive sweeteners.
• D. used for weight management.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as oligosaccharides do not contain partially digested starch. Choice C is incorrect as nonnutritive sweeteners are a different category of compounds. Choice D is incorrect as oligosaccharides are not primarily used for weight management.

5. What is the process by which proteins are synthesized from the available amino acids?

• A. Gluconeogenesis.
• B. Deamination.
• C. Protein synthesis.
• D. Transamination.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein synthesis. This process involves the formation of proteins from amino acids to support various body functions. Gluconeogenesis (choice A) is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not protein synthesis. Deamination (choice B) is the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, not the synthesis of proteins. Transamination (choice D) is the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another, not the direct synthesis of proteins.

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