in the human skeleton which of the following lists some of the vertebrae in descending order

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Science Test

1. In the human skeleton, which of the following lists some of the vertebrae in descending order?

A. Atlas, axis, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx.
B. Axis, sacral, coccyx, atlas, lumbar, thoracic.
C. Thoracic, sacral, lumbar, axis, coccyx, atlas.
D. Coccyx, lumbar, axis, sacral, thoracic, atlas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of some of the vertebrae in the human skeleton in descending order is Atlas, Axis, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx. This sequence follows the typical arrangement from the top of the spine down towards the pelvis. Choice B is incorrect as it does not follow the descending order of vertebrae. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Thoracic which is not the first vertebra in the descending order. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Coccyx which is the last vertebra in the descending order.

2. Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

A. Vein
B. Artery
C. Capillary
D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for transporting lymph, which is a clear fluid containing white blood cells and waste products, and play a key role in the immune system.

3. Which of the following is the cardiac muscle layer that forms the bulk of the heart?

A. Endocardium
B. Epicardium
C. Fibrous skeleton
D. Myocardium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Myocardium. The myocardium is the cardiac muscle layer that comprises the majority of the heart's muscle mass. It is responsible for the heart's contractions, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart lining the chambers, while the epicardium is the outermost layer covering the heart. The fibrous skeleton provides structural support and serves as an attachment point for cardiac muscle fibers. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent the primary muscle layer of the heart.

4. Which of the following properties is characteristic of water?

A. Water has a neutral pH.
B. Water has a low specific heat capacity.
C. Water has polar covalent bonds.
D. Water can dissolve almost any solid, liquid, or gas.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because water's polarity enables it to dissolve a wide variety of substances, making it a versatile solvent. This property is due to water's ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, allowing it to break them apart and surround the solute particles, facilitating dissolution. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as water having a neutral pH, a high specific heat capacity, and polar covalent bonds are also true properties of water. However, the most relevant property related to its versatility as a solvent is its dissolving capability.

5. Which of the following indicates the body's draining of clear fluid throughout the body to protect it from infection?

A. Pulmonary Loop
B. Systemic Loop
C. Lymphatic System
D. Immune System

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Lymphatic System. The lymphatic system is responsible for draining clear fluid, known as lymph, throughout the body to protect it from infection. The other choices are incorrect because the pulmonary loop specifically refers to circulation between the heart and lungs, the systemic loop refers to circulation between the heart and the rest of the body, and the immune system is responsible for fighting infections and diseases rather than draining clear fluid.