Nursing Elites

1. In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?

• A. Vitamins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Enzymes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.

2. The function of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is to designate nutrient recommendations for:

• A. different ethnic groups.
• B. all individuals.
• C. most people.
• D. most healthy people.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are established to provide nutrient recommendations for most healthy people. They are not specific to different ethnic groups (choice A), all individuals (choice B), or most people (choice C). DRIs aim to prevent nutrient deficiencies and chronic diseases in healthy individuals by setting intake levels for various nutrients.

3. During lactation, where is lactose synthesized in the body?

• A. Liver
• B. Breast
• C. Kidney
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breast. Lactose is synthesized in the breast during lactation to produce breastmilk. The liver is responsible for various metabolic functions but does not synthesize lactose. The kidney's primary role is in filtering blood and regulating electrolytes, not lactose synthesis. The pancreas is involved in producing digestive enzymes and insulin, not lactose synthesis.

4. What group makes each amino acid unique?

• A. Radical group
• B. Amino group
• C. Carboxyl group
• D. Peptide bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the radical group (R-group) because it is the unique side chain that differentiates each amino acid. The amino group (choice B) and carboxyl group (choice C) are functional groups common to all amino acids but do not make them unique. The peptide bond (choice D) is the bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain, not the group that makes each amino acid unique.

5. What is the main constituent of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid?

• A. potassium
• B. sodium
• C. water
• D. calcium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: water. Water is the main component of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and maintaining cell structure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while potassium, sodium, and calcium are essential electrolytes found in the body, they are not the main constituents of these fluids as water is.

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