Nursing Elites

1. Fred, a 12-year-old boy, is diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following symptoms would Nurse Nica expect to assess?

• A. Mild cough
• B. Slight fever
• C. Chest pain
• D. Bulging fontanel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain is a common symptom associated with pneumococcal pneumonia. It can occur due to inflammation of the pleura or irritation of the lung tissue, leading to sharp or stabbing pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. While cough and fever are also common with pneumonia, chest pain is particularly significant in this case.

2. Beta-adrenergic agonists such as albuterol are given to Reggie, a child with asthma, to primarily do which of the following?

• A. Dilate the bronchioles
• B. Reduce secondary infections
• C. Decrease postnasal drip
• D. Reduce airway inflammation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Beta-adrenergic agonists like albuterol are bronchodilators that primarily work by relaxing and dilating the bronchioles, which helps to alleviate bronchoconstriction, a characteristic feature of asthma. This action leads to improved airflow and easier breathing for individuals experiencing asthma symptoms.

3. Why is a prolapsed umbilical cord dangerous?

• A. The cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation.
• B. The cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery.
• C. The baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen.
• D. The mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen. This compression can lead to oxygen deprivation, potentially causing significant harm to the baby. Immediate medical intervention is crucial in such cases to prevent adverse outcomes.

4. Adoley has been presented at the OPD with the following clinical manifestations: crying easily, short attention span, inability to sit still, fatigue but unable to sleep at night, excessive sweating, increased heart rate, and blood pressure. Which of the following will be the appropriate diagnosis for Adoley?

• A. Autism
• B. Hyperthyroidism
• C. Hypoglycemia
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described in the case, such as excessive sweating, increased heart rate, and inability to sleep, are indicative of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like increased heart rate, sweating, and difficulty sleeping, which align with Adoley's clinical manifestations. Therefore, the appropriate diagnosis for Adoley would be hyperthyroidism.

5. A 6-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. An immediate priority in this child's nursing care would be:

• A. Elimination
• B. Exercise
• C. Nutrition
• D. Rest

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rest is crucial for recovery in a child with pneumonia as it allows the body to focus its energy on fighting the infection and promoting healing. Adequate rest helps reduce the workload on the lungs, promotes oxygenation, and supports the immune system's response to combat the infection. It is essential to prioritize rest to facilitate a faster recovery and prevent complications in children with pneumonia.

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