Nursing Elites

1. Find the lowest coefficients that will balance the following combustion equation: __C H + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O

• A. 1:5:5:2
• B. 4:10:20:8
• C. 2:9:10:4
• D. 2:5:10:4

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To balance the combustion equation CxHy + O2 → xCO2 + y/2 H2O, we need to balance the carbon and hydrogen atoms. The balanced equation for the given combustion is: 2C H4 + 9O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O. This means that the correct coefficients are 2:9:10:4, which corresponds to choice C. Choice A (1:5:5:2) does not balance the equation correctly, choice B (4:10:20:8) has excessive oxygen and does not balance the equation, and choice D (2:5:10:4) does not provide the correct ratio of oxygen to balance the equation.

2. Where is the ball-and-socket joint, allowing a wide range of motion, found?

• A. Upper arm (humerus) and shoulder blade (scapula)
• B. Collarbone (clavicle) and breastbone (sternum)
• C. Two vertebrae in the spine
• D. Ribs and sternum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The ball-and-socket joint is located between the upper arm (humerus) and the shoulder blade (scapula). This joint provides a wide range of motion, enabling movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It plays a crucial role in various activities involving the shoulder joint, such as throwing, reaching overhead, and performing rotational movements. Choice B, the collarbone (clavicle) and breastbone (sternum), form the sternoclavicular joint, which is a synovial saddle joint. Choice C, two vertebrae in the spine, typically form gliding or facet joints. Choice D, ribs and sternum, are connected by cartilage, forming cartilaginous joints.

3. What is the formula to calculate work?

• A. Work = Force × Distance
• B. Work = Mass × Velocity
• C. Work = Power × Time
• D. Work = Energy ÷ Time

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which the force is applied. The formula to calculate work is represented by Work = Force × Distance, where force is the applied force on an object and distance is the displacement over which the force is applied. Therefore, the correct formula to calculate work is Work = Force × Distance. Choice B, 'Work = Mass × Velocity,' is incorrect because work involves force and distance, not mass and velocity. Choice C, 'Work = Power × Time,' is incorrect because work is not directly calculated using power and time. Choice D, 'Work = Energy ÷ Time,' is incorrect because work is not typically calculated by dividing energy by time; rather, it involves the product of force and distance.

4. What are the components of an ECG?

• A. P wave, T wave, U wave
• B. P wave, QRS complex, T wave
• C. QRS complex, S wave, P wave
• D. T wave, S wave, U wave

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: P wave, QRS complex, T wave. The components of an ECG include the P wave (atrial depolarization), QRS complex (ventricular depolarization), and T wave (ventricular repolarization). The P wave represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave represents ventricular repolarization. Options A, C, and D have incorrect combinations of ECG components. Option A incorrectly includes the U wave, which is not a standard component of a typical ECG. Option C includes the S wave, which is not a primary component of a standard ECG. Option D includes the U wave, which is not a standard component, and the S wave, which is not a primary component of an ECG. Therefore, option B is the most accurate combination of components for an ECG.

5. Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, sleep, and memory?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Serotonin
• C. Acetylcholine
• D. Glutamate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is associated with regulating mood, sleep, and memory. It plays a crucial role in maintaining emotional balance and is often a target in treating mood disorders like depression and anxiety. Serotonin also helps regulate sleep patterns and is connected to memory function. Dopamine (choice A) is more commonly linked to reward, motivation, and movement. Acetylcholine (choice C) is involved in muscle control and memory. Glutamate (choice D) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain but is not primarily associated with mood, sleep, and memory.

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