Nursing Elites

1. Why do emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant public health threat?

• A. Because they are well-understood by medical professionals
• B. Because they are easily treatable with existing antibiotics
• C. Because they are new, rapidly evolving, and can spread quickly
• D. Because they primarily affect animals and not humans

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant public health threat because they are characterized by being new or newly identified diseases that are rapidly evolving. These diseases can spread quickly within populations due to factors such as globalization, travel, urbanization, and changes in climate. EIDs often present challenges to medical professionals as they may not be well-understood initially, making it difficult to develop effective treatments or preventive measures. While some EIDs can be treatable with existing antibiotics, the rapid evolution of these diseases can lead to the development of drug resistance, further complicating treatment efforts. Additionally, EIDs are not limited to affecting animals; they can also have serious implications for human health and well-being. Therefore, the correct answer is that EIDs pose a threat because they are new, rapidly evolving, and can spread quickly. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because EIDs are not well-understood initially, may develop drug resistance, and can affect humans significantly, not just animals.

2. Which of the following is a strong acid?

• A. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Citric acid
• D. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid because it completely ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions, leading to a high concentration of H⁺ ions in solution. This characteristic makes it a strong acid. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), citric acid, and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) are weak acids as they only partially ionize in water, resulting in a lower concentration of H⁺ ions compared to strong acids. Therefore, hydrochloric acid is the correct choice as a strong acid.

3. What is the main function of estuaries?

• A. Filtering pollutants from water
• B. Providing habitat for marine life
• C. Storing carbon dioxide
• D. Generating wind power

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Estuaries are coastal areas where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. They serve as important habitats for a variety of marine life, including fish, birds, and other wildlife. Estuaries provide shelter, breeding grounds, and food sources for many species, making them crucial for the overall health of marine ecosystems. While estuaries can help filter pollutants to some extent, their primary function is to support and sustain diverse populations of plants and animals. Storing carbon dioxide and generating wind power are not main functions of estuaries.

4. What condition is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting?

• A. Muscular dystrophy
• B. Myositis
• C. Fibromyalgia
• D. Carpal tunnel syndrome

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to mutations in genes responsible for muscle cells' structure and function. Myositis is an inflammatory muscle disease, fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition, and carpal tunnel syndrome affects the hand and arm nerves, but none present with the progressive muscle weakness and wasting seen in muscular dystrophy.

5. Which type of tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix and provides structural support and protection?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Epithelial tissue is the correct answer as it aligns with the description provided in the question. Epithelial tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix, which allows it to form protective barriers on the body's surface and line internal organs, providing structural support and protection. Connective tissue, while important for support and connection between tissues and organs, does not fit the description in the question of being tightly packed with minimal extracellular matrix. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement, and nervous tissue transmits signals throughout the body, neither of which are primarily involved in providing structural support and protection as described. Therefore, based on the characteristics described in the question, epithelial tissue best fits the description of tissue that provides structural support and protection.

Similar Questions