Nursing Elites

1. Which factor do colligative properties of solutions depend on?

• A. Concentration of the solvent
• B. All of the above
• C. Chemical identity of the solute
• D. Number of solute particles in solution

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Colligative properties of solutions depend on the number of solute particles in solution. These properties, such as boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure, are proportional to the number of solute particles present in the solution. The chemical identity of the solute or the concentration of the solvent does not influence colligative properties, making choices A and C incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is D, the number of solute particles in solution.

2. Delta waves, associated with deep sleep, exhibit what frequency range?

• A. 0.5-4 Hz
• B. 4-8 Hz
• C. 8-13 Hz
• D. 13-30 Hz

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Delta waves are slow brain waves associated with deep sleep stages, specifically stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep. These waves have a frequency range of 0.5-4 Hz. Choice B (4-8 Hz) refers to theta waves, which are associated with light sleep and relaxation. Choice C (8-13 Hz) corresponds to alpha waves, present during wakeful relaxation. Choice D (13-30 Hz) represents beta waves, seen in active thinking and concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is A because it aligns with the frequency range characteristic of delta waves during deep sleep.

3. Which term refers to the act of inhaling foreign objects into the airway?

• A. Expiration
• B. Respiration
• C. Aspiration
• D. Inhalation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Among the options provided, aspiration is the term that specifically refers to the act of inhaling foreign objects into the airway. Expiration refers to breathing out, respiration is the overall process of gas exchange in the body, and inhalation is the act of breathing in air or other substances into the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is C, aspiration. It is crucial to understand these terms in the context of airway management and respiratory care to ensure proper identification and treatment of related conditions.

4. Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic material?

• A. Mitochondria
• B. Nucleus
• C. Ribosome
• D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Nucleus. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material (DNA) and controlling cell functions. Mitochondria are known for energy production, not genetic storage. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not genetic material storage. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not genetic material storage. Therefore, the nucleus is the organelle primarily responsible for housing the genetic material within a cell.

5. Which structure in the heart is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

• A. Aortic valve
• B. Pulmonary valve
• C. Tricuspid valve
• D. Mitral valve

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Its primary function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. The aortic valve (A) prevents the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle, the pulmonary valve (B) prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, and the tricuspid valve (C) prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium. Understanding the functions of these heart valves is crucial in maintaining proper blood flow through the heart and preventing regurgitation of blood into the wrong chambers.

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