Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a protein?

• A. Saline.
• B. Hemoglobin.
• C. Cellulose.
• D. Prostaglandins.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Saline, is a salt solution and not a protein. Choice C, Cellulose, is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Choice D, Prostaglandins, are lipid compounds with hormone-like effects, not proteins.

2. How many amino acids are considered indispensable or essential?

• A. 9
• B. 10
• C. 12
• D. 14

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 9. Nine amino acids are considered essential or indispensable because they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. These amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the number of essential amino acids is specifically 9, as they are crucial for various bodily functions.

3. What is a major function of glucose?

• A. Produce energy.
• B. Transport oxygen to cells.
• C. Convert fat to glycogen.
• D. Maintain body weight.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Glucose serves as a primary source of energy for the body, especially for the brain and muscles. Choice B is incorrect because glucose itself is not responsible for transporting oxygen to cells. Choice C is incorrect as glucose is converted to glycogen, not the other way around. Choice D is incorrect as glucose itself does not play a direct role in maintaining body weight.

4. The type of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that develops when the diet lacks protein is called:

• A. kwashiorkor.
• B. marasmus.
• C. anemia.
• D. beriberi.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition that arises due to a protein-deficient diet. This condition leads to symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, and fatty liver. Choice B, marasmus, is a form of PEM caused by overall malnutrition (protein and calorie deficiency), resulting in severe wasting and muscle loss. Choice C, anemia, is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not specifically related to protein deficiency. Choice D, beriberi, is a disease caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, not a form of PEM related to protein deficiency.

5. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning group foods that are equivalent in their:

• A. weight.
• B. serving size.
• C. micronutrient content.
• D. macronutrient content.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Exchange Lists for Meal Planning categorize foods based on their macronutrient content, such as carbohydrate, protein, and fat. These lists help individuals make food choices while ensuring similar amounts of macronutrients are consumed. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Exchange Lists focus on macronutrient content, not weight, serving size, or micronutrient content.

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