Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a protein?

• A. Saline.
• B. Hemoglobin.
• C. Cellulose.
• D. Prostaglandins.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Saline, is a salt solution and not a protein. Choice C, Cellulose, is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Choice D, Prostaglandins, are lipid compounds with hormone-like effects, not proteins.

2. Which of the following plasma proteins helps maintain fluid balance?

• A. Albumin
• B. Fibrinogen
• C. Hemoglobin
• D. Collagen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Albumin is the correct answer. It is a plasma protein that helps maintain osmotic pressure, thereby playing a vital role in regulating fluid balance in the body. Fibrinogen is involved in blood clotting, not fluid balance. Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells, not fluid balance. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not directly involved in fluid balance.

3. Why is it important to understand standard serving sizes of foods?

• A. it is easy to eat too much of some nutrients when choosing healthful foods.
• B. serving sizes have generally decreased over the past few decades.
• C. most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat.
• D. food portions need to be weighed to check serving sizes accurately.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Understanding serving sizes is crucial because most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat. It helps individuals accurately track their intake, which is essential for maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding overeating. Choice A is incorrect because the question focuses on portion sizes rather than specific nutrients. Choice B is incorrect as it presents an unsupported claim about serving sizes decreasing. Choice D is incorrect as weighing food portions is not always necessary to check serving sizes; understanding standard serving sizes allows for a more practical approach to portion control.

4. In addition to calcium, the major minerals needed to build and maintain bone tissue include:

• A. potassium
• B. iron
• C. phosphorus
• D. fluoride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: phosphorus. Phosphorus, along with calcium, is essential for bone health and maintenance. Potassium (choice A) is important for muscle function, iron (choice B) is crucial for red blood cell production, and fluoride (choice D) helps prevent tooth decay but is not a major mineral needed for bone tissue.

5. Which phase of metabolism makes growth and repair possible?

• A. digestion
• B. catabolism
• C. anabolism
• D. ketosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anabolism is the phase of metabolism responsible for building up and repairing tissues in the body. It involves processes that require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones. Digestion (choice A) is the process of breaking down food into simpler substances for absorption. Catabolism (choice B) involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones with the release of energy. Ketosis (choice D) is a metabolic state where the body uses fat as the primary source of energy, which is not directly related to growth and repair.

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