Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a protein?

• A. Saline.
• B. Hemoglobin.
• C. Cellulose.
• D. Prostaglandins.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Saline, is a salt solution and not a protein. Choice C, Cellulose, is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Choice D, Prostaglandins, are lipid compounds with hormone-like effects, not proteins.

2. Which tissue has the highest rate of protein turnover?

• A. Skin
• B. Intestinal mucosa
• C. Muscle
• D. Adipose tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intestinal mucosa. The intestinal mucosa has the highest rate of protein turnover due to its rapid cell renewal. The skin, muscle, and adipose tissue do not exhibit protein turnover rates as high as the intestinal mucosa. Skin cells turnover relatively slower compared to the rapid renewal of intestinal mucosa cells. Muscles have a moderate rate of protein turnover, while adipose tissue has a lower turnover rate compared to the other tissues mentioned.

3. What is a primary function of macronutrients in the body?

• A. Regulate metabolic processes.
• B. Supply energy.
• C. Maintain homeostasis.
• D. Control cellular activity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Supply energy. The primary function of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is to supply energy for various bodily functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while regulating metabolic processes, maintaining homeostasis, and controlling cellular activity are essential functions in the body, they are not the primary roles of macronutrients. Macronutrients mainly serve as a source of energy to support daily activities and bodily functions.

4. Why are diets that contain less than 10% of kcalories as fat not recommended?

• A. Intake of carbohydrates would not necessarily be too high.
• B. This would not necessarily require excessive use of fat replacers.
• C. The diet would not provide adequate essential fatty acids.
• D. Intake of essential fatty acids would be too low.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Diets that contain less than 10% of kcalories as fat are not recommended because they would lead to inadequate intake of essential fatty acids, which are crucial for various bodily functions like hormone production, brain function, and cell membrane structure. Option A is incorrect because reducing fat intake does not necessarily mean increasing carbohydrate intake excessively. Option B is incorrect as it introduces a new concept of using fat replacers, which is not directly related to the issue of essential fatty acid intake. Option C is incorrect as the primary concern with low-fat diets is the insufficiency of essential fatty acids, not the adequacy of them.

5. Why is it important to understand standard serving sizes of foods?

• A. it is easy to eat too much of some nutrients when choosing healthful foods.
• B. serving sizes have generally decreased over the past few decades.
• C. most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat.
• D. food portions need to be weighed to check serving sizes accurately.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Understanding serving sizes is crucial because most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat. It helps individuals accurately track their intake, which is essential for maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding overeating. Choice A is incorrect because the question focuses on portion sizes rather than specific nutrients. Choice B is incorrect as it presents an unsupported claim about serving sizes decreasing. Choice D is incorrect as weighing food portions is not always necessary to check serving sizes; understanding standard serving sizes allows for a more practical approach to portion control.

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