Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a protein?

• A. Saline.
• B. Hemoglobin.
• C. Cellulose.
• D. Prostaglandins.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Saline, is a salt solution and not a protein. Choice C, Cellulose, is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Choice D, Prostaglandins, are lipid compounds with hormone-like effects, not proteins.

2. Fructose is the sugar found in:

• A. bread.
• B. gelatin desserts.
• C. sugar-coated cereals.
• D. honey and fruit.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fructose is a sugar naturally found in honey and fruit. While bread contains carbohydrates, it does not primarily consist of fructose. Gelatin desserts are more likely to contain added sugars like sucrose rather than fructose. Sugar-coated cereals typically contain sucrose or other added sugars, not just fructose. Therefore, the correct answer is honey and fruit as they naturally contain fructose.

3. Which age group is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition?

• A. Infants
• B. Teenagers
• C. Young adults
• D. Middle-aged adults

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to their high growth rate and specific nutrient requirements. During the first year of life, infants experience rapid growth and development, requiring essential nutrients for proper physical and cognitive development. Teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults have more stable nutritional needs compared to infants, making them less vulnerable to malnutrition. Therefore, infants are the most susceptible age group when it comes to malnutrition.

4. Which of the following plasma proteins helps maintain fluid balance?

• A. Albumin
• B. Fibrinogen
• C. Hemoglobin
• D. Collagen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Albumin is the correct answer. It is a plasma protein that helps maintain osmotic pressure, thereby playing a vital role in regulating fluid balance in the body. Fibrinogen is involved in blood clotting, not fluid balance. Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells, not fluid balance. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not directly involved in fluid balance.

5. The percentage of the total daily caloric intake for healthy persons that should be supplied by carbohydrate is:

• A. 10% to 35%.
• B. 20% to 35%.
• C. 40% to 55%.
• D. 45% to 65%.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 45% to 65%. Carbohydrates should contribute between 45% to 65% of the total daily caloric intake for healthy individuals to maintain a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they suggest lower ranges, which may not provide sufficient energy from carbohydrates for overall health and well-being.

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