Nursing Elites

1. A vegetarian diet that includes dairy foods and eggs is known as:

• A. lactovegetarian.
• B. vegan.
• C. semi-vegetarian.
• D. ovolactovegetarian.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct term for a vegetarian diet that includes both dairy foods and eggs is 'ovolactovegetarian.' This term specifically indicates the inclusion of eggs ('ovo') and dairy ('lacto') in the diet. Choice A, 'lactovegetarian,' is incorrect because it only includes dairy products without eggs. Choice B, 'vegan,' is incorrect as it excludes all animal products, including dairy and eggs. Choice C, 'semi-vegetarian,' is incorrect as it is a term used for individuals who occasionally eat meat, poultry, or fish but primarily follow a plant-based diet.

2. In an analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount is called:

• A. indispensable.
• B. dispensable.
• C. complementary.
• D. limiting.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'limiting.' In the analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid that occurs in the smallest amount is referred to as the limiting amino acid. This term is used because when one essential amino acid is deficient, it limits the synthesis of proteins, making it crucial in determining protein quality. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Indispensable' and 'dispensable' refer to the essentiality of amino acids, and 'complementary' does not describe the concept of the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount.

3. Proteins are absorbed primarily in the form of:

• A. fatty acids.
• B. disaccharides.
• C. amino acids.
• D. polypeptides.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: amino acids. Proteins are broken down by digestive enzymes into amino acids before being absorbed in the small intestine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are the form in which they are primarily absorbed. Choice A (fatty acids) is incorrect as fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion, not protein digestion. Choice B (disaccharides) is incorrect because disaccharides are sugars that are broken down into monosaccharides, not proteins. Choice D (polypeptides) is incorrect as proteins are broken down into amino acids and not absorbed as polypeptides.

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

• A. They can come from both animal and plant sources.
• B. They are not manufactured by the body.
• C. They are not manufactured by the body.
• D. They are manufactured by the body.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body. These fatty acids must be obtained through the diet because the body cannot synthesize them. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from both animal and plant sources, not just from an animal source. Choice C is the correct characteristic of essential fatty acids. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids are not produced by the body.

5. Which enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands?

• A. Pepsin.
• B. Trypsin.
• C. Sucrase.
• D. Amylase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin (choice A) is produced in the stomach to digest proteins, trypsin (choice B) is produced in the pancreas to digest proteins, and sucrase (choice C) is produced in the small intestine to break down sucrose. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands.

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