Nursing Elites

1. A physical science that contributes to understanding how nutrition relates to health and well-being is:

• A. anatomy
• B. biochemistry
• C. physics
• D. pharmacology

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Biochemistry is the correct answer because it focuses on understanding the chemical processes related to nutrition and how nutrients affect the body. Anatomy (choice A) primarily deals with the structure of organisms, not the chemical processes of nutrition. Physics (choice C) deals with energy and matter, not specifically related to nutrition. Pharmacology (choice D) focuses on drugs and their interactions with the body, not directly related to nutrition and its effects on health.

2. It has been generally accepted that the percentage of total daily calories supplied by fats should be no more than:

• A. 10% to 15%.
• B. 10% to 35%.
• C. 20% to 35%.
• D. 40% to 55%.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended fat intake is between 20% to 35% of total daily calories. This range is considered optimal for maintaining a healthy diet. Choice A (10% to 15%) is too low and might not provide enough essential fats for the body. Choice B (10% to 35%) includes an upper limit that exceeds the generally accepted range. Choice D (40% to 55%) suggests a fat intake that is higher than what is recommended, which could lead to health issues if consumed regularly.

3. What is the primary nutritional function of the large intestine?

• A. Absorption of fats.
• B. Excretion of waste products.
• C. Excretion of bacteria.
• D. Absorption of water.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Absorption of water. The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the indigestible food residue that enters it from the small intestine. This absorption of water helps to form solid waste, which is then eliminated from the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the large intestine is not primarily responsible for the absorption of fats, excretion of waste products, or excretion of bacteria. While the large intestine does play a role in waste elimination and contains bacteria beneficial for digestion, its main function in terms of nutrition is the absorption of water.

4. How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?

• A. Vitamin K.
• B. Plant sterols.
• C. Trans fats.
• D. Phospholipids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.

5. Which of the following is an example of a plasma protein?

• A. Collagen.
• B. Myosin.
• C. Albumin.
• D. Phospholipid.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, albumin. Albumin is a plasma protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the blood. Collagen (choice A) is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not a plasma protein. Myosin (choice B) is a protein involved in muscle contraction, not found in the blood plasma. Phospholipid (choice D) is a type of lipid molecule, not a protein present in plasma.

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