a nurse is teaching a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd about breathing exercises which of the following instructions should t
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1. A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about breathing exercises. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity.' Pursed-lip breathing is a beneficial technique for clients with COPD as it helps improve airflow by keeping the airways open longer. Choice A is incorrect as abdominal breathing may not be as effective in COPD as pursed-lip breathing. Choice B, inhaling quickly and deeply through the nose, is not recommended as it can lead to hyperventilation. Choice D, breathing quickly and deeply during exercise, is also not suitable for clients with COPD as it can cause increased shortness of breath.

2. What are the early signs of sepsis in a patient?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased heart rate and fever. These are early signs of sepsis and indicate a systemic infection. It is crucial to identify these signs promptly to initiate appropriate treatment. Choice B is incorrect because low blood pressure and confusion are more indicative of severe sepsis or septic shock rather than early signs. Choice C is incorrect as elevated blood sugar and sweating are not typical early signs of sepsis. Choice D is also incorrect as increased urine output and abdominal pain are not early signs of sepsis.

3. A nurse manager is discussing the responsibility of nurses caring for clients who have Clostridium difficile. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because having family members wear a gown and gloves when visiting a client with Clostridium difficile is essential to prevent the spread of infection. Options A, B, and C are incorrect. Negative air-flow systems are not necessary for preventing the spread of C. difficile. While alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective for routine hand hygiene, they may not be sufficient for C. difficile. Cleaning contaminated surfaces with a phenol solution is not the most effective method for preventing the spread of C. difficile, as spores can be resistant to many disinfectants.

4. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has fluid volume deficit about selecting foods that have a high water content. The nurse should include that which of the following raw foods contains the highest amount of water per 1 cup serving?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, cucumber slices. Cucumbers have the highest water content per 1 cup serving among raw vegetables, making them an excellent choice for a client with fluid volume deficit. Cherry tomatoes (choice A), potatoes (choice B), and spinach (choice C) do not have as high water content as cucumbers and therefore are not the best choice for increasing fluid intake.

5. A client has expressive aphasia following a stroke. Which of the following methods should be used when communicating with the client?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When communicating with a client who has expressive aphasia, using a picture board is an effective method as it provides an alternative means of communication. Option A, speaking slowly, may not improve understanding for someone with expressive aphasia. Option B, providing written instructions, may also be challenging for individuals with this condition. Option D, writing on a whiteboard, may not be as helpful as using a picture board in facilitating communication for a client with expressive aphasia.

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