Nursing Elites

1. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus about foot care, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Soak your feet in hot water every day.
• B. Apply lotion between your toes.
• C. Inspect your feet daily.
• D. Use over-the-counter products to remove corns.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inspecting the feet daily is crucial for clients with diabetes mellitus to detect early signs of injury or infection promptly. This practice helps prevent serious complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. Soaking feet in hot water daily can lead to skin dryness and increase the risk of injury. Applying lotion between toes can cause moisture buildup, leading to fungal infections. Using over-the-counter products to remove corns can result in skin damage and should be done under healthcare provider supervision.

2. A healthcare professional is preparing to perform nasotracheal suctioning for a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?

• A. Suction during inhalation.
• B. Apply intermittent suction during insertion.
• C. Place the client in a supine position.
• D. Insert the catheter while the client is inhaling.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Inserting the catheter while the client is inhaling helps to align the trachea and vocal cords, reducing the risk of trauma to the respiratory tract. This technique also facilitates easier passage of the catheter into the trachea, enhancing the effectiveness of the suctioning procedure.

3. A healthcare provider is planning care for a client who has a latex allergy. Which of the following actions should the healthcare provider include in the plan?

• A. Use latex gloves without powder.
• B. Place a sign on the client's door.
• C. Apply latex gloves before donning gloves.
• D. Avoid using latex equipment.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Placing a sign on the client’s door is crucial in alerting healthcare providers to the client's latex allergy, helping them avoid using latex products, which can trigger an allergic reaction. This precaution can prevent accidental exposure and ensure the client's safety during care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Using latex gloves without powder (Choice A) is a good practice, but the question is specifically asking about an action related to the client's latex allergy, not the healthcare provider's protection. Applying latex gloves before donning gloves (Choice C) is unnecessary and could exacerbate the client's latex allergy. Avoiding using plastic equipment (Choice D) is not related to preventing exposure to latex, which is the primary concern in this scenario.

4. A client has a new diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of iodine-rich foods.
• B. You should avoid foods that contain iodine.
• C. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
• D. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In hyperthyroidism, it is advisable to avoid foods that contain iodine to help manage the condition and prevent complications. Excessive iodine intake can exacerbate hyperthyroidism symptoms by stimulating the thyroid gland. Therefore, the nurse should include information about avoiding iodine-rich foods in the client's dietary management teaching. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of iodine-rich foods can worsen hyperthyroidism symptoms, increasing dairy products is not specific to managing hyperthyroidism, and avoiding gluten is more relevant for conditions like celiac disease, not hyperthyroidism.

5. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider expect?

• A. Hypotension
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Crackles in the lungs
• D. Dry mucous membranes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Crackles in the lungs are indicative of fluid accumulation in the alveoli, which is a characteristic finding in clients with fluid volume excess. The crackling sound occurs due to the presence of excess fluid in the lungs, impairing normal ventilation and gas exchange. Monitoring for crackles is essential for early detection and management of fluid overload in clients. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in fluid volume excess, hypervolemia leads to increased blood pressure (not hypotension), compensatory tachycardia (not bradycardia), and moist mucous membranes (not dry).

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