Nursing Elites

1. A client with a new diagnosis of celiac disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included by the healthcare provider?

• A. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
• B. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
• C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'You should avoid foods that contain gluten.' Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, which can trigger an immune response in individuals with celiac disease. Avoiding gluten-containing foods is crucial to managing the condition and preventing symptoms and complications associated with celiac disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing dairy intake (Choice B) is not necessary for celiac disease management. Avoiding lactose (Choice C) is relevant for individuals with lactose intolerance, not celiac disease. While high-fiber foods (Choice D) are generally beneficial for health, they are not specifically indicated for celiac disease management.

2. A client has major fecal incontinence and reports irritation in the perianal area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

• A. Apply a fecal collection system
• B. Apply a barrier cream
• C. Cleanse and dry the area
• D. Check the client's perineum

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a client with major fecal incontinence reports irritation in the perianal area, the nurse's initial action should be to assess the client's perineum to gather more information. By checking the perineum, the nurse can identify the extent and nature of the irritation, allowing for appropriate interventions to be initiated. This assessment is crucial in developing a comprehensive care plan and addressing the client's immediate needs effectively. Applying the nursing process priority-setting framework helps in planning care and prioritizing nursing actions, making assessment the initial step in this scenario. Applying a fecal collection system (choice A) would be premature without assessing the perineal area first. Similarly, applying a barrier cream (choice B) or cleansing and drying the area (choice C) should follow the assessment to ensure appropriate interventions are chosen based on the assessment findings.

3. A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?

• A. Hypotension.
• B. Bradycardia.
• C. Crackles in the lungs.
• D. Flat neck veins.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Crackles in the lungs are a classic sign of fluid volume overload. When there is an excess of fluid in the lungs, it can manifest as crackling sounds upon auscultation. This finding indicates the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs, which is a common manifestation of fluid volume overload.

4. A healthcare provider is providing teaching to a client regarding protein intake. Which of the following foods should the healthcare provider include as an example of an incomplete protein?

• A. Eggs
• B. Soybeans
• C. Lentils
• D. Yogurt

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lentils. Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids required for protein synthesis in the body. Examples of incomplete proteins include lentils, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds. Lentils, a plant-based protein source, are considered incomplete as they do not contain all essential amino acids in sufficient amounts. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as eggs, soybeans, and yogurt are examples of complete proteins, containing all essential amino acids in the right proportions for the body's needs.

5. A client has tuberculosis, and the nurse is planning care. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse implement?

• A. Protective environment
• B. Contact
• C. Airborne
• D. Droplet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Airborne. Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air, making it an airborne disease. Airborne precautions are crucial to prevent the spread of tuberculosis to others. These precautions include placing the client in a negative pressure room, wearing an N95 respirator mask, and ensuring proper ventilation to minimize the risk of transmission to healthcare workers and other clients. Choice A, Protective environment, is used for clients with compromised immune systems. Choice B, Contact precautions, are used for diseases spread by direct or indirect contact. Choice D, Droplet precautions, are for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets, like influenza or pertussis.

Similar Questions