Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication has been effective?

• A. Cardiac workload decreases
• B. Blood pressure increases
• C. Respiratory rate increases
• D. Temperature decreases

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiac workload decreases. Digoxin helps reduce cardiac workload in clients with heart failure, improving symptoms. This reduction in workload indicates that the medication is effective. Choice B, blood pressure increases, is incorrect because digoxin typically does not directly affect blood pressure. Choice C, respiratory rate increases, is incorrect as an increased respiratory rate is not a typical indicator of digoxin effectiveness. Choice D, temperature decreases, is also incorrect as digoxin does not typically affect body temperature.

2. A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who has major depressive disorder. Which of the following communication techniques should the nurse use to establish a trusting relationship with the client?

• A. Offer medical advice
• B. Offer general leads
• C. Ask open-ended questions
• D. Use assertive communication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the context of establishing a trusting relationship with a client who has major depressive disorder, offering general leads is the most appropriate communication technique. General leads encourage clients to express themselves by providing subtle prompts or cues, which can help build rapport and trust. Offering medical advice (Choice A) is not suitable as it may come across as imposing and could hinder the establishment of trust. Asking open-ended questions (Choice C) is beneficial for eliciting detailed responses but may not be as effective at initially establishing trust as general leads. Using assertive communication (Choice D) can be perceived as aggressive and intimidating, which is not conducive to building a trusting relationship with a client who has major depressive disorder.

3. A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with diabetes. What is the most important teaching point?

• A. Monitor blood sugar levels weekly
• B. Administer insulin before meals as prescribed
• C. Take medication only when feeling unwell
• D. Monitor blood sugar only in the morning

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer insulin before meals as prescribed. This is the most important teaching point because insulin administration before meals helps manage blood sugar effectively in diabetic patients. Choice A is incorrect because monitoring blood sugar levels weekly may not provide timely information for managing diabetes. Choice C is incorrect as medications for diabetes should be taken as prescribed, not only when feeling unwell. Choice D is incorrect as blood sugar levels should be monitored at various times throughout the day, not just in the morning, to get a complete picture of the patient's condition.

4. A client undergoing radiation therapy is being taught about skin care by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will use a heating pad to soothe the skin
• B. I will avoid using perfumed lotions on the treated area
• C. I will apply cold compresses to the area
• D. I will scrub the area daily with soap and water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because avoiding perfumed lotions is important to prevent skin irritation after radiation therapy. Using a heating pad (A) can further damage the skin, applying cold compresses (C) may not be recommended, and scrubbing the area daily with soap and water (D) can be too harsh on the skin, leading to further irritation and damage.

5. What is an important consideration when administering a blood transfusion?

• A. Ensure the blood is compatible with the recipient's blood type
• B. Warm the blood to body temperature before administration
• C. Check the blood for clots before administration
• D. Ensure the recipient eats before the transfusion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to ensure the blood is compatible with the recipient's blood type. This is crucial to prevent transfusion reactions, which can be life-threatening. Choice B is incorrect because warming blood to body temperature is not a standard practice and may lead to hemolysis. Choice C is incorrect as blood products are carefully screened for clots before distribution. Choice D is incorrect because it is not necessary for the recipient to eat before a blood transfusion.

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