Nursing Elites

1. When is a newborn considered premature?

• A. Weighs less than 6.5 pounds.
• B. Is born to a heroin-addicted mother.
• C. Is born before 37 weeks gestation.
• D. Has meconium in or around its mouth.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A newborn is considered premature if it is born before 37 weeks gestation. Premature birth increases the risk of various health problems as the baby may not be fully developed. Choice A is incorrect because the weight alone does not determine prematurity. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to a specific situation but not a direct indicator of prematurity. Choice D is incorrect as the presence of meconium does not solely indicate prematurity.

2. What is the aim of Integrated Management of neonatal and Childhood Illnesses?

• A. Improved case management
• B. Improved family and community practices
• C. None of the above
• D. A & B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The aim of the Integrated Management of neonatal and Childhood Illnesses is to enhance both case management and family and community practices. By improving case management, healthcare providers can ensure appropriate treatment and care, leading to better outcomes for neonates and children. Enhancing family and community practices can contribute to the prevention, early detection, and overall well-being of children. Choice A is incorrect as the aim is not solely focused on improved case management. Choice B is incorrect as the aim goes beyond just improving family and community practices. Choice C is incorrect as the correct aim involves both improved case management and family/community practices, making choice D the most comprehensive and accurate answer.

3. The caregiver is teaching a new mother about infant safety. Which statement indicates that further teaching is needed?

• A. I will place my baby on their back to sleep.
• B. I will keep soft toys and pillows out of the crib.
• C. I will use a car seat for every car ride.
• D. I will allow my baby to sleep in my bed.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Allowing a baby to sleep in an adult bed increases the risk of suffocation and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). It is safer for infants to sleep on a firm, flat surface in their own crib or bassinet to reduce the risk of accidental suffocation or strangulation. Therefore, the caregiver should be advised against co-sleeping with the infant to ensure the baby's safety.

4. Physical abuse of a 4-year-old child should be suspected if you observe:

• A. purple and yellow bruises on the thighs.
• B. bruises on the anterior tibial area.
• C. the child clinging to his or her parent.
• D. curious siblings watching you.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Purple and yellow bruises on protected areas like the thighs are concerning as they indicate bruises in various stages of healing, which is a red flag for physical abuse. Bruises on the anterior tibial area or a child clinging to a parent are not specific signs of physical abuse. Siblings watching you is unrelated to the suspicion of physical abuse in this scenario.

5. Which of the following signs or symptoms is more common in children than adults following an isolated head injury?

• A. Changes in pupillary reaction
• B. Tachycardia and diaphoresis
• C. Nausea and vomiting
• D. Altered mental status

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are more common in children than adults following an isolated head injury. Children often present with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting after a head injury due to differences in physiological responses compared to adults.

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