Nursing Elites

1. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Grains group of MyPlate is:

• A. one slice of bread
• B. 2 cups of rice
• C. 3 cups of spaghetti
• D. 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One slice of bread is a standard serving from the Grains group in MyPlate. This choice aligns with the recommended portion size for grains. Choices B, C, and D are excessive portions that do not represent a single serving according to MyPlate guidelines. 2 cups of rice, 3 cups of spaghetti, and 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal exceed the standard serving size for grains and would provide more than one serving from this food group.

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

• A. They can come from both animal and plant sources.
• B. They are not manufactured by the body.
• C. They are not manufactured by the body.
• D. They are manufactured by the body.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body. These fatty acids must be obtained through the diet because the body cannot synthesize them. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from both animal and plant sources, not just from an animal source. Choice C is the correct characteristic of essential fatty acids. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids are not produced by the body.

3. Why is fat important in the diet?

• A. It supplies a constant source of vitamins.
• B. It speeds up the digestive process.
• C. It provides satiety.
• D. It stimulates the release of important digestive enzymes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat is important in the diet because it provides satiety. Fat slows down digestion and absorption, which helps in making you feel full longer. This feeling of fullness is crucial in controlling food intake and managing weight. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fat's main role in providing satiety is related to slowing down digestion, not supplying a constant source of vitamins, speeding up digestion, or stimulating the release of digestive enzymes. While some types of fats can provide certain vitamins, the main purpose of fat in satiety is not vitamin supply.

4. What is the primary function of carbohydrates as a food source?

• A. Regulate metabolic processes.
• B. Build body tissue.
• C. Supply energy.
• D. Provide bulk.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates as a food source is to supply energy. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy, providing fuel for various physiological functions. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates do not primarily regulate metabolic processes; that role is mainly attributed to enzymes and hormones. Choice B is incorrect because proteins are primarily responsible for building body tissue. Choice D is incorrect because fiber, not all carbohydrates, provides bulk in the diet.

5. What is the preferred fuel for the cells lining the colon?

• A. Short-chain fatty acids.
• B. Long-chain fatty acids.
• C. Amino acids.
• D. Glucose.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Short-chain fatty acids are the preferred fuel for the cells lining the colon. They provide energy and support gut health by serving as a fuel source for these cells. Long-chain fatty acids are not the preferred fuel for colon cells as they are harder to digest and absorb in this part of the digestive system. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and not the primary energy source for colon cells. Glucose is the main energy source for most cells in the body, but colon cells prefer short-chain fatty acids.

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