Nursing Elites

1. As a car accelerates from rest, what happens to its kinetic energy and the work done on it?

• A. Both kinetic energy and work done increase.
• B. Kinetic energy increases, but work done remains constant.
• C. Work done increases, but kinetic energy remains constant.
• D. Both kinetic energy and work done remain constant.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a car accelerates from rest, its speed and kinetic energy increase. The work done on the car is what increases its kinetic energy, so both kinetic energy and work done increase simultaneously. Option A is correct because acceleration results in an increase in both kinetic energy and the work done on the car. Option B is incorrect because work done is required to increase kinetic energy during acceleration. Option C is incorrect as work done is directly related to the change in kinetic energy. Option D is incorrect as both kinetic energy and work done increase when the car accelerates.

2. What defines the period of a wave?

• A. The time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point
• B. The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs
• C. The number of waves passing a point per unit time
• D. The maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The period of a wave is defined as the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point. It is a crucial parameter in wave analysis and is typically measured in seconds. The period is directly related to the frequency of the wave, as they are reciprocals of each other. Therefore, the correct answer is the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point (choice A). The period is not related to the number of waves passing a point per unit time (choice C), the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs (choice B), or the maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave (choice D).

3. Which of the following statements is correct based on anatomical terms?

• A. The shoulder joint is proximal to the neck.
• B. The elbow joint is superior to the shoulder.
• C. The thoracic vertebrae are superior to the cervical vertebrae.
• D. The thumb is on the lateral aspect of the hand.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Option D is the correct answer based on anatomical terms. The thumb is indeed located on the lateral aspect of the hand, following anatomical positioning. The terms 'proximal,' 'superior,' and 'inferior' are used in relation to the center of the body or a specific point of reference, while 'lateral' and 'medial' describe positions further away or closer to the midline of the body. Therefore, the thumb being on the lateral side of the hand is an accurate anatomical description. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with anatomical terminology. In anatomical terms, 'proximal' refers to a position closer to the center of the body, 'superior' indicates a position above or higher than another part, and 'inferior' signifies a position below or lower than another part. The shoulder joint is distal to the neck, the elbow is inferior to the shoulder, and the cervical vertebrae are superior to the thoracic vertebrae.

4. Which digestive enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Lipase
• C. Amylase
• D. Maltase

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pepsin. Pepsin is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach. It is produced in an inactive form called pepsinogen, which becomes activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. Pepsin functions by breaking down proteins into smaller peptides, which are further digested by other enzymes in the small intestine. Lipase is responsible for breaking down fats, amylase for carbohydrates, and maltase for converting maltose into glucose. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are associated with breaking down fats, carbohydrates, and converting maltose, respectively, not proteins.

5. Which of the following is an example of a salt?

• A. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• D. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of a salt. Salts are ionic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid with a base. In this case, sodium chloride is formed by the reaction of sodium hydroxide (a base) with hydrochloric acid (an acid). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) are not salts because they are not formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base, which is a characteristic of salts.

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