Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin is essential for proper absorption of calcium and plays a role in lung function?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial for the proper absorption of calcium in the intestines and is essential for maintaining lung function. It regulates calcium and phosphorus levels, crucial for healthy bones and teeth. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption or lung function. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and red blood cell production, not related to calcium absorption or lung function. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage, but it is not directly involved in calcium absorption or lung function.

2. How does the amplitude of a wave relate to its intensity or loudness?

• A. They are inversely proportional.
• B. They are directly proportional.
• C. They have no relationship.
• D. Amplitude affects frequency, not intensity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The amplitude of a wave is directly related to its intensity or loudness. In general, the larger the amplitude of a wave, the greater its intensity or loudness. This relationship is due to the fact that the amplitude of a wave represents the maximum displacement of particles in the medium from their rest position. The greater the displacement, the more energy the wave carries, leading to higher intensity or louder sound. Choice A is incorrect because the relationship between amplitude and intensity is direct, not inverse. Choice C is incorrect as there is a clear relationship between amplitude and intensity. Choice D is incorrect as amplitude primarily affects intensity or loudness, not frequency.

3. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of pregnancy?

• A. Fatigue
• B. Nausea
• C. Increased urination
• D. Loss of appetite

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Loss of appetite.' Loss of appetite is not a common symptom of pregnancy. In fact, many pregnant individuals experience an increase in appetite due to hormonal changes and increased energy needs during pregnancy. Fatigue, nausea, and increased urination are more commonly reported symptoms during pregnancy. Fatigue is often experienced due to hormonal changes and the body's increased metabolic demands during pregnancy. Nausea, commonly known as morning sickness, is a well-known symptom experienced by many pregnant individuals. Increased urination is a common symptom in pregnancy due to hormonal changes leading to increased blood flow to the kidneys and increased fluid processing by the body.

4. During a healthy heartbeat, the P wave on an ECG represents

• A. The repolarization of the ventricles.
• B. The electrical conduction through the AV node.
• C. The contraction phase of the ventricles (systole).
• D. The depolarization of the atria.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The P wave on an ECG represents the depolarization of the atria. This electrical activity initiates the contraction of the atria, allowing blood to be pumped into the ventricles. The P wave is the first positive deflection seen on the ECG and signifies the beginning of atrial depolarization, which is a critical step in the cardiac cycle. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Option A (The repolarization of the ventricles) is represented by the T wave on the ECG. Option B (The electrical conduction through the AV node) is not represented by the P wave but rather by the PR interval on the ECG. Option C (The contraction phase of the ventricles (systole)) is more related to the QRS complex on the ECG, which represents ventricular depolarization and contraction.

5. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

• A. absorbing digested material into the blood
• B. nutrient processing and metabolizing
• C. absorbing water and compacting material into solid waste
• D. bile production and storage

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The large intestine's primary function is to absorb water from undigested food remnants and compact them into solid waste (feces). This process helps regulate hydration levels in the body and aids in waste elimination. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Absorbing digested material into the blood is mainly done in the small intestine, nutrient processing and metabolizing occur in various parts of the digestive system, and bile production and storage are functions of the liver and gallbladder, not the large intestine.

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