Nursing Elites

1. Which symptom is most commonly associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

• A. Frequent mood swings
• B. Intrusive, repetitive thoughts
• C. Hallucinations
• D. Flashbacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intrusive, repetitive thoughts. Intrusive, repetitive thoughts are the hallmark symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Individuals with OCD experience persistent, unwanted thoughts or obsessions that lead to repetitive behaviors or compulsions. These thoughts are intrusive and difficult to control, causing significant distress and interfering with daily activities. While mood swings, hallucinations, and flashbacks can be present in other mental health conditions, they are not the primary symptoms associated with OCD.

2. James is a 42-year-old patient with schizophrenia. He approaches you as you arrive for the day shift and anxiously reports, ‘Last night, demons came to my room and tried to rape me.’ Which response would be most therapeutic?

• A. There are no such things as demons. What you saw were hallucinations.
• B. It is not possible for anyone to enter your room at night. You are safe here.
• C. You seem very upset. Please tell me more about what you experienced last night.
• D. That must have been very frightening, but we’ll check on you at night and you’ll be safe.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is the most therapeutic response as it acknowledges the patient’s feelings, shows empathy, and encourages further expression of his experiences. By actively listening and inviting the patient to share more details, the healthcare provider provides a supportive environment that can help the patient feel understood and validated. Option A dismisses the patient's experience and can make him feel unheard. Option B denies the patient's reality and can increase his distress. Option D, while offering reassurance, does not address the patient's emotional state or encourage further communication.

3. Which medication is often prescribed for patients with bipolar disorder to help stabilize mood?

• A. Sertraline
• B. Lithium
• C. Haloperidol
• D. Diazepam

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lithium is the medication frequently prescribed to stabilize mood in patients with bipolar disorder. It helps to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes, making it a cornerstone in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Sertraline is an antidepressant commonly used for depression, while haloperidol and diazepam are not typically first-line treatments for bipolar disorder.

4. A patient with bipolar disorder is experiencing a depressive episode. Which intervention is most appropriate?

• A. Encouraging the patient to participate in physical activities.
• B. Providing a stimulating environment to keep the patient engaged.
• C. Allowing the patient to isolate until they feel better.
• D. Encouraging the patient to express their feelings and concerns.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During a depressive episode in bipolar disorder, it is essential to encourage patients to express their feelings and concerns. This intervention helps them feel heard, supported, and can aid in managing their emotions effectively.

5. What is an important aspect of patient education regarding buspirone when prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

• A. Buspirone is an as-needed medication for anxiety.
• B. Buspirone has a high risk of addiction and dependence.
• C. Buspirone may not become effective until 2-4 weeks after starting the medication.
• D. Buspirone should be taken with food to increase absorption.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. When educating a patient about buspirone for generalized anxiety disorder, it is crucial to highlight that buspirone may take 2-4 weeks to become effective. Patients need to be aware of this delayed onset of action to manage their expectations and continue the medication as prescribed. This information helps patients understand that they may not experience immediate relief and should not discontinue the medication prematurely. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because buspirone is typically taken regularly, not as-needed, it has a lower risk of addiction compared to other anxiety medications, and it does not need to be taken with food for increased absorption.

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