Nursing Elites

1. Which statement by a patient indicates an understanding of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

• A. CBT will help me understand and change my thought patterns.
• B. CBT focuses on resolving past trauma.
• C. CBT will help me avoid my problems.
• D. CBT involves taking medication to manage symptoms.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on helping patients understand and change their thought patterns to improve their mental health. This therapy aims to identify and modify negative or harmful thoughts and behaviors. Option A correctly reflects this fundamental concept of CBT, emphasizing the role of thought patterns in mental health improvement. Choices B and C are incorrect because CBT does not primarily focus on resolving past trauma or avoiding problems; instead, it concentrates on changing cognitive patterns. Choice D is also inaccurate as CBT does not involve medication management but rather focuses on cognitive and behavioral interventions.

2. Which symptom is most commonly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

• A. Frequent panic attacks
• B. Persistent and excessive worry
• C. Recurrent, intrusive thoughts
• D. Compulsive behaviors

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Persistent and excessive worry. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a variety of things, even when there is little or no reason to worry. This worry is difficult to control and can significantly impact daily life. While panic attacks, recurrent intrusive thoughts, and compulsive behaviors can occur in other anxiety disorders, persistent and excessive worry is the hallmark symptom of GAD. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary symptom associated with GAD.

3. When assessing a patient with major depressive disorder, which of the following is a common cognitive symptom?

• A. Hallucinations
• B. Delusions
• C. Lack of appetite
• D. Negative self-talk

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Negative self-talk is a common cognitive symptom of major depressive disorder. It involves a pattern of negative thoughts and beliefs about oneself, which can significantly impact a patient's self-esteem and overall outlook on life. Hallucinations and delusions are more commonly associated with other mental health conditions like schizophrenia, while lack of appetite is typically considered a physical symptom of depression rather than a cognitive one.

4. A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is under the care of a nurse. Which intervention is most appropriate?

• A. Encourage the patient to suppress their compulsive behaviors.
• B. Allow the patient to perform their rituals, then gradually limit the time spent on these rituals.
• C. Discourage the patient from discussing their obsessions.
• D. Avoid setting limits on the patient’s compulsive behaviors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In managing a patient with OCD, it is crucial to allow them to perform their rituals while gradually limiting the time spent on these rituals. This approach helps the patient feel supported while working towards reducing the compulsive behaviors. Choice A is incorrect because suppressing compulsive behaviors can increase anxiety and distress. Choice C is inappropriate as discussing obsessions is part of therapy. Choice D is not recommended as setting limits on compulsive behaviors is essential for treatment.

5. A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently washes their hands. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

• A. Allow the patient to wash their hands, then gradually limit the time spent on this behavior.
• B. Discourage the patient from discussing their obsessions.
• C. Encourage the patient to suppress their compulsive behaviors.
• D. Avoid setting limits on the patient's compulsive behaviors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing a patient with OCD who frequently washes their hands, it is important to understand that compulsive behaviors provide temporary relief from anxiety. Allowing the patient to engage in their rituals initially and then gradually setting limits on the time spent can help them gain control over their compulsions. This approach supports the patient without causing undue distress, ultimately assisting in managing OCD symptoms effectively. Choice B is incorrect as discouraging the patient from discussing their obsessions can hinder therapeutic communication and understanding of their condition. Choice C is wrong because encouraging the patient to suppress their compulsive behaviors may increase their anxiety and lead to worsening symptoms. Choice D is also incorrect as avoiding setting limits on the patient's compulsive behaviors does not help the patient in gaining control over their OCD symptoms.

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