Nursing Elites

1. Which property of a substance describes its ability to conduct heat or electricity?

• A. Reactivity
• B. Conductivity
• C. Density
• D. Viscosity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Conductivity is the correct property that describes a substance's ability to conduct heat or electricity. Reactivity is related to how readily a substance undergoes chemical reactions, not its ability to conduct heat or electricity. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, which is different from its ability to conduct heat or electricity. Viscosity measures a substance's resistance to flow, not its ability to conduct heat or electricity.

2. What cellular process ensures the accurate transmission of genetic material during cell division?

• A. Mitosis (somatic cell division)
• B. Meiosis (germ cell division)
• C. Replication (DNA duplication)
• D. Transcription (DNA to RNA conversion)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct answer. Mitosis is the process by which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells. During mitosis, the genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. This process is crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that occurs in germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells), focusing on genetic diversity through recombination and reduction of chromosome number. Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce an identical copy, essential for cell division but not the specific process ensuring accurate genetic material transmission. Transcription involves copying DNA into RNA, crucial for gene expression but not directly related to the accurate transmission of genetic material during cell division.

3. What is the term for a repetitive, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness?

• A. Cramp
• B. Spasm
• C. Tic
• D. Fibrosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A spasm is a repetitive, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness. While cramps are a type of spasm, not all spasms are cramps. Tics are sudden, repetitive movements or sounds made involuntarily. Fibrosis refers to the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue as part of a reparative or reactive process. In this context, a spasm best fits the description provided, making it the correct answer. Cramp, although related to spasms, is more specific and not the general term being sought. Tic does not describe a muscle contraction but rather sudden movements or sounds. Fibrosis does not directly relate to muscle contractions but rather to the formation of excess fibrous tissue in organs or tissues.

4. Which muscular tube carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

• A. Nephron
• B. Ureter
• C. Urethra
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ureter. The ureter is the muscular tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries in the nephron where filtration of blood occurs.

5. An object is initially at rest. Which of the following will definitely NOT cause it to move?

• A. A constant force acting on it
• B. No force acting on it
• C. A force that increases in magnitude over time
• D. A force that decreases in magnitude over time

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because if an object is initially at rest and no force is acting on it, it will remain at rest due to Newton's First Law of Motion. This law states that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force. Choices A, C, and D all involve forces acting on the object, which would cause it to move according to Newton's laws of motion. Choice A, a constant force acting on the object, would cause it to move at a constant velocity. Choice C, a force that increases in magnitude over time, would accelerate the object. Choice D, a force that decreases in magnitude over time, would decelerate the object.

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