Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing vision?

• A. Occipital lobe
• B. Frontal lobe
• C. Temporal lobe
• D. Parietal lobe

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The occipital lobe is the part of the brain responsible for processing visual information. Located at the back of the brain, the occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex, which plays a crucial role in interpreting visual stimuli received from the eyes. The frontal lobe is primarily involved in higher cognitive functions, decision-making, and motor control, not vision processing. The temporal lobe is responsible for auditory processing, memory, and emotion, not vision. The parietal lobe is involved in sensory integration, spatial awareness, and perception of stimuli, but not specifically for visual processing.

2. Which of the following choices would contain the code for making a protein?

• A. mRNA
• B. tRNA
• C. rRNA
• D. DNA polymerase

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: mRNA (messenger RNA). mRNA contains the genetic code or instructions for making a protein. During protein synthesis, mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA corresponds to the sequence of amino acids that will be used to build the protein. Choice B, tRNA (transfer RNA), is involved in carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis but does not contain the code for making a protein. Choice C, rRNA (ribosomal RNA), is a component of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs but does not contain the specific code for making a protein. Choice D, DNA polymerase, is an enzyme involved in DNA replication, not in directly coding for protein synthesis.

3. In which regions of the digestive system is amylase produced?

• A. pancreas and salivary glands
• B. gall bladder and salivary glands
• C. gall bladder and liver
• D. pancreas and liver

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into smaller sugars. It is produced in the pancreas and salivary glands. The salivary glands release amylase into the mouth during chewing, where it initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates. The pancreas also secretes amylase into the small intestine to further assist in carbohydrate digestion. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the gall bladder does not produce amylase, and the liver's primary function is not the production of amylase for carbohydrate breakdown.

4. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is:

• A. Must be equal to the number of protons.
• B. Must be less than the number of protons.
• C. Must be greater than the number of neutrons.
• D. Can vary depending on the atom's temperature.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a neutral atom, the number of electrons must be equal to the number of protons to maintain electrical neutrality. Electrons carry a negative charge while protons carry a positive charge. By having an equal number of electrons and protons, the positive and negative charges balance each other out, resulting in an electrically neutral atom. Choice B is incorrect because in a neutral atom, the number of electrons and protons must be equal. Choice C is incorrect as it compares electrons to neutrons, which are not directly related in determining an atom's charge. Choice D is incorrect as the number of electrons in a neutral atom is not dependent on the atom's temperature but rather on the atom's balance of positive and negative charges.

5. What is the primary function of coronary arteries?

• A. Delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body.
• B. Supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.
• C. Carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• D. Regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of coronary arteries is to supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself. The heart is a muscle that needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Coronary arteries branch off the aorta and specifically deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring its proper function. Choice A is incorrect because coronary arteries do not deliver blood throughout the entire body but specifically to the heart. Choice C is incorrect as coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Choice D is incorrect as the primary function of the coronary arteries is not to regulate blood pressure but rather to provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

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