Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement?

• A. Synergist
• B. Agonist
• C. Antagonist
• D. Flexor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Antagonist.' An antagonist muscle is a muscle that lengthens while another muscle (agonist) contracts to produce movement. The antagonist muscle relaxes to allow the agonist muscle to contract effectively. In this scenario, the antagonist muscle works in opposition to the agonist muscle, providing control and precision to movement. The other choices are incorrect because a synergist muscle assists the agonist muscle in performing a movement, an agonist muscle is the primary muscle responsible for generating movement, and a flexor muscle is a muscle that decreases the angle at a joint.

2. Which body system is responsible for the transport of dissolved oxygen from the lungs to the spleen?

• A. Immune
• B. Endocrine
• C. Respiratory
• D. Cardiovascular

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the cardiovascular system (Option D). The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed, to various tissues and organs in the body, including the spleen. The immune system (Option A) is responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases. The endocrine system (Option B) regulates hormones and their effects on the body. The respiratory system (Option C) is responsible for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, in the lungs.

3. At the peak of its trajectory, what force is acting on a ball thrown upwards?

• A. Gravity only
• B. Gravity and air resistance only
• C. Neither gravity nor air resistance
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: At the peak of its trajectory, the ball momentarily stops moving upwards before it starts to fall back down. At this point, the only force acting on the ball is gravity, pulling it back towards the ground. Air resistance is negligible at the peak of the trajectory as the ball is momentarily stationary. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Gravity only.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Option B is incorrect because air resistance is minimal when the ball is at its highest point and its velocity is nearly zero. Option C is incorrect as gravity is the only significant force acting on the ball at that instant. Option D is incorrect since air resistance is not a significant factor at the peak of the trajectory.

4. Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements?

• A. Smooth
• B. Skeletal
• C. Cardiac
• D. Involuntary

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question is asking about the type of muscle responsible for voluntary movements, which is skeletal muscle (Choice B). Skeletal muscle is under conscious control and is responsible for voluntary movements like walking or lifting objects. Smooth muscle (Choice A) is found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, responsible for involuntary movements. Cardiac muscle (Choice C) is specific to the heart and is also involuntary. 'Involuntary' (Choice D) is a general term and does not specify a type of muscle responsible for voluntary movements.

5. Which gland located in the neck is responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development?

• A. Parathyroid gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Thymus gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that play a crucial role in these functions. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels, the pituitary gland controls various hormonal functions, and the thymus gland is involved in immune system development. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they have different functions compared to the thyroid gland.

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