Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following stories' messages is significantly distorted through the use of an irrelevant detail?

• A. A soft profile about a local politician's part-time rock band that mentions his political differences with his bandmates
• B. A feature story of a local business owner running for political office in which she admits to having employed illegal laborers
• C. A profile of several local Jewish and Arab business leaders that mentions ongoing hostilities in the Middle East
• D. A news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. In the news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously, the irrelevant detail about the immigration violation distracts from the main message of the protest against property tax rates. The inclusion of this detail shifts the focus away from the citizen's current concerns and the reasons for his protest, thus distorting the story's message. Choices A, B, and C do not include irrelevant details that significantly distort the main messages of the stories. Choice A mentions political differences with bandmates but still focuses on the politician's part-time rock band. Choice B discusses the employment of illegal laborers but remains centered on the business owner's political aspirations. Choice C talks about ongoing hostilities in the Middle East but does not veer away from the main focus on the local Jewish and Arab business leaders.

2. Which of the following choices introduces a specific claim and distinguishes it from counterclaims?

• A. Is texting while driving really a critical safety issue? Are all kinds of distracted driving created equal? What can be said about the nature of distracted driving among teenagers?
• B. It's true that distracted driving is dangerous. There may be nothing more dangerous than texting while driving. Texting while driving has resulted in more than 15,000 deaths and over 200,000 injuries. The majority of texting drivers are teens, although other age groups have been implicated.
• C. Texting while driving is one of the key issues facing young people today: it's a fact that texting drivers have killed over 16,000 people between 2002 and
• D. While some argue that texting while driving is just one form of distracted driving, it stands out as particularly hazardous due to the level of focus it diverts from the road. Studies show that drivers who text are 23 times more likely to be involved in an accident compared to other forms of distracted driving.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choice B introduces a specific claim that texting while driving is extremely dangerous by stating that 'there may be nothing more dangerous than texting while driving' and supports this claim with statistics on the number of deaths and injuries caused by texting while driving. It further emphasizes the impact by mentioning that the majority of texting drivers are teens. This approach of providing specific evidence helps to distinguish the claim from counterclaims and strengthens the argument. Choices A, C, and D do not introduce a specific claim supported by factual evidence and fail to distinguish it from potential counterclaims, making them less effective in presenting a strong argument.

3. Which of the following describes the type of writing used in the passage?

• A. narrative
• B. persuasive
• C. expository
• D. technical

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The type of writing used in the passage is expository. Expository writing aims to provide information, explain concepts or ideas, and present factual details without trying to persuade or tell a story. In the passage, the text focuses on providing factual information about 'The Five,' their backgrounds, and their influence on classical music without any persuasive elements or narrative storytelling. The passage educates and informs the reader about the topic, which aligns with the characteristics of expository writing. Therefore, 'expository' is the correct description. Choice A (narrative) is incorrect as the passage does not tell a story but rather presents factual information. Choice B (persuasive) is incorrect because there is no attempt to persuade the reader in the passage. Choice D (technical) is also incorrect as the passage does not involve technical instructions or specialized technical details, but rather general information about the subject matter.

4. Autobiographies and memoirs are examples of what form of writing?

• A. Fiction
• B. Narrative
• C. Informational text
• D. Research papers

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Autobiographies and memoirs are examples of narrative writing. Narrative writing is a form of writing that tells a story or recounts events. Autobiographies are personal accounts of one's life written by the person themselves, while memoirs are also personal accounts but focus on specific memories or events. Fiction (Choice A) refers to imaginary stories, not real-life accounts like autobiographies and memoirs. Informational text (Choice C) presents factual information without a narrative structure. Research papers (Choice D) are academic documents that present research findings and analysis, not personal accounts like autobiographies and memoirs.

5. When evaluating the credibility of a source during research, which statement is true?

• A. The author's reputation is more important than whether they cite sources.
• B. The source should always be as recent as possible, considering the subject.
• C. The author's point of view and/or purpose is crucial for credibility.
• D. The kinds of sources various audiences value influence credibility for them.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The kind of sources different audiences value can indeed influence the credibility of a source for them. Different audiences may place varying levels of trust in different types of sources, such as peer-reviewed journals, government reports, or mainstream media outlets. Understanding the preferences of the target audience is essential for establishing credibility when presenting information. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The author's reputation is important but not more critical than citing sources, as proper citations contribute to transparency and reliability. The recency of a source is essential but not always the most crucial factor; relevance to the subject matter is also significant. The author's point of view and purpose are indeed relevant to assessing credibility; understanding their biases and intentions is vital in evaluating the reliability of a source.

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