Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following signs would you expect to see in a child with respiratory failure?

• A. Slow, irregular breathing
• B. Flushed skin
• C. Strong cry
• D. Unconsciousness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a child with respiratory failure, slow, irregular breathing is a common sign. Respiratory failure impairs the ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently, leading to altered breathing patterns. Flushed skin, a strong cry, or unconsciousness may not be specific signs of respiratory failure and could be indicative of other conditions. Flushed skin may be a sign of fever or increased blood flow, a strong cry may indicate pain or distress, and unconsciousness can have various causes beyond respiratory failure.

2. Fred is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following would Nurse Nica expect to assess?

• A. Mild cough
• B. Slight fever
• C. Chest pain
• D. Bulging fontanel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain is a common symptom seen in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. It can result from inflammation of the pleura or irritation of the diaphragm due to the infection. While cough and fever are also common symptoms, chest pain is particularly significant in pneumonia cases as it can be a distressing symptom for the patient and may indicate complications or severity of the infection. Bulging fontanel, on the other hand, is more indicative of conditions affecting infants and is not typically associated with pneumococcal pneumonia in a 12-year-old boy.

3. The healthcare provider is assessing a newborn who had undergone vaginal delivery. Which of the following findings is least likely to be observed in a normal newborn?

• A. (+) Moro reflex
• B. Heart rate is 80 bpm
• C. Respirations are irregular
• D. Uneven head shape

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A heart rate of 80 bpm is least likely to be observed in a normal newborn. The normal heart rate range for a newborn is usually higher than 80 bpm, typically ranging from 120-160 bpm. The Moro reflex (choice A) is a normal newborn reflex, respirations being irregular (choice C) are expected due to the immature respiratory control center, and an uneven head shape (choice D) is common due to molding during vaginal delivery.

4. Which of the following are clinical types of diarrhoea EXCEPT?

• A. Acute watery
• B. Bloody diarrhoea
• C. Persistent diarrhoea
• D. Secretory diarrhoea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Secretory diarrhoea is not a clinical type but a distinct mechanism of diarrhoea characterized by increased electrolyte secretion. Acute watery, bloody, and persistent diarrhoea are recognized clinical types associated with different underlying causes and pathophysiologies. Acute watery diarrhoea is common in infectious gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhoea can be caused by inflammatory conditions or infections, and persistent diarrhoea typically lasts for more than 14 days due to various reasons like infections, malabsorption, or inflammatory bowel diseases.

5. A patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism; the nurse tells the patient not to eat goitrogens. Which of the following is an example of a goitrogen?

• A. Orange
• B. Tomatoes
• C. Cabbage
• D. Grapes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting the uptake of iodine. Cabbage contains compounds that can have this effect and should be consumed in moderation by individuals with hypothyroidism.

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