Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following functions would be most affected by laryngeal damage?

• A. Blinking
• B. Walking
• C. Singing
• D. Hearing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Laryngeal damage would most affect the function of singing. The larynx, or voice box, houses the vocal cords responsible for producing sound during singing. Damage to the larynx can impair the ability to phonate and control pitch, tone, and quality of the voice, which are crucial for singing. Choices A, B, and D are unrelated to the larynx. Blinking is controlled by the facial nerve, walking involves motor functions and coordination, and hearing is related to the ear structures and auditory nerves.

2. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

• A. Digesting and absorbing nutrients
• B. Storing and mixing food
• C. Breaking down carbohydrates
• D. Absorbing water and electrolytes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the indigestible food matter that passes through it. This absorption process aids in the formation of solid waste (feces) before it is excreted from the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the large intestine does not primarily digest and absorb nutrients, store and mix food, or break down carbohydrates. These functions are primarily carried out by the small intestine.

3. What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram?

• A. Indicate the rate of blood flow
• B. Display the heart's rate and rhythm
• C. Identify a person's blood group type
• D. Determine cell type in a blood sample

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is used to measure and display the heart's rate and rhythm. It provides valuable information about the electrical activity of the heart, allowing healthcare providers to assess the heart's health, detect abnormalities in the heart's rhythm, and diagnose various cardiac conditions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because an ECG does not indicate the rate of blood flow but rather focuses on the heart's electrical activity. Choice C is incorrect because identifying a person's blood group type is typically done through blood typing tests, not ECG. Choice D is incorrect because determining cell type in a blood sample is unrelated to the purpose of an ECG.

4. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Esophagus
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is lined with specialized cells that facilitate the absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. While the stomach plays a role in digestion by breaking down food with acid and enzymes, the actual absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach, but it does not absorb nutrients. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.

5. Which of the following correctly describes mitosis?

• A. Mitosis occurs in germ cells.
• B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells.
• C. Mitosis involves the reduction of chromosome number by half.
• D. Mitosis produces four genetically different cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Germ cells undergo meiosis, not mitosis. Choice C is incorrect as mitosis results in the preservation of the same chromosome number in daughter cells. Choice D is inaccurate as mitosis produces genetically identical cells, not genetically different ones.

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