Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are not infectious causes of diarrhea?

• A. Allergy
• B. Bacteria
• C. Parasite
• D. Virus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diarrhea can be caused by various infectious agents such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Allergy, on the other hand, is a non-infectious cause of diarrhea. When an individual with a food allergy consumes the specific food they are allergic to, it can trigger diarrhea as a part of the allergic reaction.

2. Which type of diabetes mellitus (DM) is most likely the result of heterogeneous risk factors, making it preventable?

• A. Type 1
• B. Type 2
• C. Type 1 and 2
• D. Gestational diabetes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is most likely the result of heterogeneous risk factors, such as lifestyle choices and genetics, making it preventable. Type 1 diabetes, on the other hand, is an autoimmune condition that is not preventable. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is not entirely preventable. Type 1 and 2 diabetes are distinct conditions, with Type 2 being the type associated with preventable risk factors.

3. Which of the following is the MOST detrimental effect of gastric distention in infants and children?

• A. Tracheal rupture.
• B. Less effective chest compressions.
• C. Decreased ventilatory volume.
• D. Acute rupture of the diaphragm.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gastric distention in infants and children can lead to a decrease in ventilatory volume. This occurs because the distended stomach can limit the movement of the diaphragm, reducing its ability to contract and expand the chest cavity effectively. As a result, the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs is decreased, impacting ventilation. Tracheal rupture, acute rupture of the diaphragm, and less effective chest compressions are not typically associated with gastric distention.

4. You are called to a local park for a 7-year-old boy with respiratory distress. During your assessment, you find that the patient is wheezing and has widespread hives and facial edema. What should you suspect has occurred?

• A. Poison oak exposure
• B. Allergic reaction
• C. Heat illness
• D. Acute asthma attack

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The presentation of wheezing, widespread hives, and facial edema is consistent with an allergic reaction. These symptoms indicate a systemic response to an allergen, triggering respiratory distress and skin manifestations.

5. In growing children, growth hormone deficiency results in short stature and very slow growth rates. Short stature may result from which of the following?

• A. Anterior pituitary gland hypofunction
• B. Posterior pituitary gland hyperfunction
• C. Parathyroid gland hyperfunction
• D. Thyroid gland hyperfunction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Short stature in growing children can result from anterior pituitary gland hypofunction, which leads to growth hormone deficiency. The anterior pituitary gland plays a crucial role in stimulating the release of growth hormone, and when it is underactive (hypofunction), insufficient growth hormone is produced, resulting in short stature and slow growth rates.

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