Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are not infectious causes of diarrhea?

• A. Allergy
• B. Bacteria
• C. Parasite
• D. Virus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diarrhea can be caused by various infectious agents such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Allergy, on the other hand, is a non-infectious cause of diarrhea. When an individual with a food allergy consumes the specific food they are allergic to, it can trigger diarrhea as a part of the allergic reaction.

2. An infant with congestive heart failure is receiving diuretic therapy. A nurse is closely monitoring the intake and output. The nurse uses which most appropriate method to assess the urine output?

• A. Weighing the diapers
• B. Inserting a Foley catheter
• C. Comparing intake with output
• D. Measuring the amount of water added to formula

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weighing the diapers is the most appropriate method to assess urine output in infants. Diapers will absorb and retain urine, providing a measurable indicator of urine output without invasive procedures. This method is non-invasive, simple, and convenient for monitoring urine output, especially in infants who may not be able to use other urine output measurement techniques. Inserting a Foley catheter is invasive and not indicated for routine urine output monitoring in infants. Comparing intake with output does not directly measure urine output. Measuring the amount of water added to formula does not provide an accurate assessment of urine output.

3. Adoley has been presented at the OPD with the following clinical manifestations: crying easily, short attention span, inability to sit still, fatigue but unable to sleep at night, excessive sweating, increased heart rate, and blood pressure. Which of the following will be the appropriate diagnosis for Adoley?

• A. Autism
• B. Hyperthyroidism
• C. Hypoglycemia
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described in the case, such as excessive sweating, increased heart rate, and inability to sleep, are indicative of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like increased heart rate, sweating, and difficulty sleeping, which align with Adoley's clinical manifestations. Therefore, the appropriate diagnosis for Adoley would be hyperthyroidism.

4. During the pediatric assessment process, which scenario would be the LEAST appropriate for the transition phase?

• A. A parent is available to help keep the child calm.
• B. The child is unstable and needs rapid transport.
• C. You determine that the child's condition is stable.
• D. Your transport time is greater than 30 minutes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During a pediatric assessment, the transition phase is a critical period where care is handed over from prehospital providers to the hospital team. If the child is unstable and requires rapid transport, it is not appropriate to delay for a transition phase. In such cases, immediate transport to a higher level of care is paramount to ensure the child's safety and well-being. Choice A is appropriate as having a parent present can help keep the child calm during the transition. Choice C is also appropriate as transitioning a stable child allows for a smoother handover. Choice D, while indicating a longer transport time, does not necessarily affect the need for a transition phase as long as the child's condition remains stable.

5. Which of the following injuries is MOST indicative of child abuse?

• A. Multiple bruises to the shins
• B. Burned hand with splash marks
• C. Small laceration to the chin
• D. Bruising to the upper back

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bruising to the upper back is more suspicious for child abuse compared to the other listed injuries. In young children, injuries like bruises to the upper back are less likely to be accidental and may raise concerns about physical abuse. The upper back is an area less prone to accidental injuries during play or falls. Multiple bruises to the shins are common in active children. A burned hand with splash marks may suggest accidental burns. A small laceration to the chin is also a common injury from falls in children. Therefore, the bruising on the upper back is more concerning for possible child abuse.

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