Nursing Elites

1. Which blood component is chiefly responsible for clotting?

• A. Platelets
• B. Red blood cells
• C. Antigens
• D. Plasma cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Platelets. Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in clotting. When there is an injury, platelets adhere to the site and release chemicals that help form a clot to prevent excessive bleeding. Red blood cells transport oxygen, antigens are substances that trigger an immune response, and plasma cells are a type of white blood cell involved in producing antibodies, none of which are primarily responsible for clotting.

2. Which of the following is a representation of a natural pattern or occurrence that is difficult or impossible to experience directly?

• A. A theory
• B. A model
• C. A law
• D. An observation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A model is a representation of a natural pattern or occurrence that is difficult or impossible to experience directly. Models are used to simplify complex systems or phenomena to aid in understanding or making predictions about them. The other options (A, C, and D) do not specifically refer to representations of natural patterns or occurrences as models do. A theory is an explanation based on observations, experiments, and reasoning. A law is a statement that describes a consistent natural phenomenon observed to occur without exception. An observation is a direct result of perceiving something using the senses, without being a representation or abstraction of a natural pattern.

3. What is the technical term for the free edges of your fingernails and toenails?

• A. Lunula (The lunula is the white crescent moon shape at the base of the nail)
• B. Matrix (The matrix is the area under the nail where new nail cells are produced)
• C. Hyponychium (This is the skin under the free edge of the nail)
• D. Free edge

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, hyponychium. The hyponychium is the skin under the free edge of the nail, responsible for sealing the nail to the fingertip and protecting the nail bed from bacteria and debris. The lunula (choice A) refers to the white crescent moon shape at the base of the nail. The matrix (choice B) is the area under the nail where new nail cells are produced. The free edge (choice D) is the part of the nail that extends beyond the fingertip or toe.

4. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of changes in its location in the universe?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of its location in the universe. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object and can vary depending on the gravitational pull at different locations. Density and volume can change based on the conditions the substance is in, so they are not constant properties. Therefore, the correct answer is mass as it does not change with changes in location.

5. Based on the following evidence, what is the most likely reason that spoiled food left out in the open often contains fly larvae?

• A. The spoiled food evolves into fly larvae.
• B. Since the food is left out in the open, flies lay eggs in the food.
• C. Fly larvae are spontaneously generated by the spoiled food.
• D. People only imagine they see fly larvae in the spoiled food.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Flies laying eggs in the food when it is left exposed to the air is a common occurrence and a logical explanation for the presence of fly larvae in spoiled food. Choice A is incorrect as food cannot evolve into fly larvae; fly larvae come from eggs laid by flies. Choice C is incorrect as fly larvae do not spontaneously generate from spoiled food but rather develop from eggs laid by flies. Choice D is incorrect as the presence of fly larvae in spoiled food is a real phenomenon, not merely imagined by people.

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