Nursing Elites

1. Which property of matter refers to the amount of space occupied by an object and is measured in cubic units?

• A. Mass
• B. Density
• C. Weight
• D. Volume

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Volume is the property of matter that refers to the amount of space occupied by an object. It is measured in cubic units, such as cubic meters or cubic centimeters. Mass, on the other hand, is the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. In this question, the key concept is the space occupied by an object, which directly relates to volume, making it the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically pertain to the amount of space occupied by an object.

2. Which of the following structures is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

• A. Bronchi
• B. Alveoli
• C. Trachea
• D. Diaphragm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide from the blood is released into the alveoli to be exhaled. The bronchi are air passages that carry air into the lungs but do not participate in gas exchange. The trachea is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi and serves as an airway for breathing. The diaphragm is a muscle that aids in the breathing process by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the chest cavity.

3. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

• A. To transport oxygen throughout the body
• B. To filter blood and remove waste
• C. To fight infection and remove excess fluid
• D. To transport hormones

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To fight infection and remove excess fluid.' The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by fighting infections through lymphocytes and removing excess fluid from tissues, maintaining fluid balance. It does not primarily transport oxygen, filter blood, or transport hormones. While the lymphatic system is involved in lipid absorption and transport, its primary functions are related to immunity and fluid balance.

4. What presents the correct order of cellular respiration?

• A. Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
• B. Citric Acid Cycle, Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Electron Transport Chain
• C. Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Electron Transport Chain, Citric Acid Cycle
• D. Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Acetyl-CoA

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of cellular respiration is Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain. Glycolysis initiates the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm, leading to the formation of pyruvate. This pyruvate is then converted to Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, which enters the Citric Acid Cycle to generate energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2. Finally, the Electron Transport Chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, utilizes these energy carriers to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Choice B is incorrect because it starts with the Citric Acid Cycle, which comes after Glycolysis. Choice C is incorrect as it places the Citric Acid Cycle before the Electron Transport Chain. Choice D is incorrect by placing Acetyl-CoA last instead of before the Citric Acid Cycle.

5. Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs?

• A. Growth hormone (GH)
• B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• C. Prolactin
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Growth hormone (GH). GH, produced by the pituitary gland, is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs. It plays a critical role in regulating growth during childhood and adolescence by promoting cell division, protein synthesis, and tissue growth. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) functions to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, while prolactin is involved in milk production. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is primarily responsible for reproductive functions like egg development in females and sperm production in males.

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