Nursing Elites

1. What is the scientific name for the kneecap?

• A. Patella
• B. Femur
• C. Tibia
• D. Fibula

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Patella. The patella is the scientific term for the kneecap, a small, flat, triangular bone situated in front of the knee joint. The femur, tibia, and fibula are also bones in the leg, but they are not synonymous with the kneecap. The femur is the thigh bone, the tibia is the shin bone, and the fibula is the outer lower leg bone. Therefore, the correct term for the kneecap specifically is the patella.

2. What is the law that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed?

• A. Law of Conservation of Matter
• B. Law of Conservation of Energy
• C. Law of Universal Gravitation
• D. Law of Inertia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Law of Conservation of Energy. This law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The Law of Conservation of Matter (Choice A) is related to mass and the preservation of mass in a closed system, not energy. The Law of Universal Gravitation (Choice C) describes the force of attraction between objects with mass. The Law of Inertia (Choice D) states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

3. When magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced. What evidence suggests a chemical reaction is occurring?

• A. A change in color
• B. The formation of a gas
• C. Dissolving in a liquid
• D. No change in temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The formation of a gas is evidence of a chemical reaction occurring. In this case, when magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced, indicating a chemical change is taking place. The production of gas is a clear indication of a chemical reaction, as new substances are being formed. A change in color might suggest a physical change, dissolving in a liquid could be a physical or chemical change depending on the context, and no change in temperature does not necessarily indicate a chemical reaction, as some reactions are endothermic or release small amounts of heat that may not be easily noticeable.

4. If a doctor diagnoses a patient with an impaired posterior pituitary gland, which of the following symptoms related to kidney function does the patient display?

• A. Thirst
• B. Tiredness
• C. Weight gain
• D. Concentrated urine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When the posterior pituitary gland is impaired, there is decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water reabsorption by the kidneys. A deficiency of ADH leads to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine, resulting in the production of dilute urine. Therefore, 'Concentrated urine' is the correct symptom associated with impaired posterior pituitary gland. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Thirst is more commonly associated with diabetes insipidus, tiredness could be a general symptom but not specifically related to kidney function, and weight gain is not a typical symptom of impaired posterior pituitary gland affecting kidney function.

5. Which of the following factors would increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid?

• A. Decreasing temperature
• B. Increasing pressure
• C. Decreasing surface area
• D. Increasing particle size

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is increasing pressure. According to Henry's Law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. Therefore, increasing pressure would force more gas molecules into the liquid, leading to an increase in solubility. Conversely, decreasing temperature, decreasing surface area, and increasing particle size would not directly impact the solubility of a gas in a liquid. Decreasing temperature typically decreases solubility as gases are less soluble at lower temperatures. Decreasing surface area and increasing particle size are related to surface area and not the pressure above the liquid, thus not affecting solubility as pressure does.

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