Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

• A. To regulate air pressure in the lungs
• B. To contract and expand the lungs
• C. To store oxygen
• D. To break down carbon dioxide

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The diaphragm plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and expanding the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity and allowing the lungs to expand. This expansion leads to a decrease in pressure inside the lungs, causing air to rush in. When the diaphragm relaxes, it moves back up, decreasing the space in the chest cavity and causing the lungs to deflate. This action increases the pressure in the lungs, leading to air being pushed out. Therefore, the diaphragm's main function is to facilitate the inhalation and exhalation of air by contracting and expanding the lungs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the diaphragm's primary function is not to regulate air pressure in the lungs, store oxygen, or break down carbon dioxide. Instead, its main purpose is to aid in the mechanical process of breathing.

2. Which of the following structures is responsible for filtering blood in the kidneys?

• A. Ureter
• B. Glomerulus
• C. Nephron
• D. Renal artery

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glomerulus. The glomerulus, located in the nephron of the kidney, is a network of tiny blood vessels responsible for filtering blood. It removes waste products and excess substances to form urine. The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder and is not involved in blood filtration. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney where blood is filtered and urine is produced. The renal artery supplies blood to the kidneys but is not directly involved in the filtration process.

3. What is the main component of bile, a substance that aids in fat digestion?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Bile salts
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile salts are the main component of bile that aid in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile salts help emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by enzymes. Proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins are not the main components of bile and do not play a significant role in fat digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Bile salts.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not the main components of bile and do not contribute to fat digestion.

4. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

• A. Axon
• B. Neuron
• C. Dendrite
• D. Synapse

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neuron. Neurons are indeed the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit signals throughout the nervous system, enabling communication and coordination of various functions within the body. While axons, dendrites, and synapses are all essential components of neurons and neural function, the neuron as a whole is considered the fundamental building block responsible for signal transmission. Choice A, Axon, is incorrect because an axon is a part of a neuron responsible for transmitting electrical signals away from the cell body. Choice C, Dendrite, is incorrect because dendrites are extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons. Choice D, Synapse, is incorrect because a synapse is the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted.

5. What is a characteristic property of acids?

• A. Bitter taste
• B. Sour taste
• C. Slippery feel
• D. Sweet taste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct characteristic property of acids is a sour taste. Acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, giving them a sour taste. Bitter taste is a property associated with bases, not acids. Slippery feel is a characteristic property of bases, due to their soap-like nature. Sweet taste does not accurately describe the characteristic property of acids, as they are known for their sour taste.

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