Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of breaking down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol called?

• A. Lipolysis
• B. Gluconeogenesis
• C. Krebs cycle
• D. Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: - Lipolysis is indeed the correct answer. It is the process of breaking down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol. This process occurs in adipose tissue and is important for releasing stored energy in the form of fatty acids. - Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and glycerol, not breaking down lipids. - The Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. - Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced through the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain. It is not specifically related to the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

2. What is an alteration in the normal gene sequence called?

• A. DNA mutation
• B. Gene migration
• C. Polygenic inheritance
• D. Incomplete dominance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A DNA mutation is the correct term used to describe an alteration in the normal gene sequence. It refers to changes in the DNA sequence that can result in different traits or characteristics. Gene migration involves the movement of genes between populations, polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits controlled by multiple genes, and incomplete dominance is a pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant.

3. What type of energy does an object in motion possess?

• A. Potential energy
• B. Kinetic energy
• C. Thermal energy
• D. Chemical energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object in motion. When an object is in motion, it has the ability to do work due to its motion, which is known as kinetic energy. Potential energy, choice A, refers to stored energy that has the potential to do work but is not related to motion. Thermal energy, choice C, is related to the temperature of an object, not its motion. Chemical energy, choice D, is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds and is not directly related to an object's motion.

4. An atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom?

• A. Neutral
• B. Positive
• C. Negative
• D. Undetermined

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Negative.' An atom becomes negatively charged when it has more electrons than protons. In this case, the atom has 6 electrons and 5 protons, resulting in a net negative charge. Choice A 'Neutral' is incorrect because the atom is not balanced in terms of protons and electrons. Choice B 'Positive' is incorrect because having more electrons than protons results in a negative charge. Choice D 'Undetermined' is incorrect, as the charge can be determined based on the relative number of protons and electrons.

5. Which of the following pathologies is caused by a virus?

• A. Asthma
• B. Cystic Fibrosis
• C. Epiglottitis
• D. Influenza

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Influenza. Influenza is a viral infection caused by the influenza virus. Asthma and cystic fibrosis are not caused by viruses. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition related to inflammation and airway constriction, while cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type B, rather than a virus.

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