Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To digest food
• B. To transport nutrients
• C. To exchange gases
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To exchange gases. The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Digesting food is primarily the function of the digestive system, transporting nutrients is the role of the circulatory system, and regulating body temperature is primarily managed by the integumentary system and the nervous system, not the respiratory system.

2. Which factor do colligative properties of solutions depend on?

• A. Concentration of the solvent
• B. All of the above
• C. Chemical identity of the solute
• D. Number of solute particles in solution

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Colligative properties of solutions depend on the number of solute particles in solution. These properties, such as boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure, are proportional to the number of solute particles present in the solution. The chemical identity of the solute or the concentration of the solvent does not influence colligative properties, making choices A and C incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is D, the number of solute particles in solution.

3. Which of the following terms refers to a muscle twitch, a single forceful contraction of a muscle fiber?

• A. Tetanus
• B. Tremor
• C. Fasciculation
• D. Rigidity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct term for a muscle twitch, a single forceful contraction of a muscle fiber, is 'Fasciculation' (choice C). Fasciculation specifically describes this phenomenon. 'Tetanus' (choice A) refers to sustained muscle contraction, 'Tremor' (choice B) indicates a shaky or quivering movement, and 'Rigidity' (choice D) denotes stiffness or inflexibility in muscles. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in the context of a single forceful contraction of a muscle fiber.

4. How does an unbalanced force affect an object at rest?

• A. It maintains the object's state of rest
• B. It does not affect the object's rest
• C. It moves the object into motion
• D. It decreases the object's mass

Correct answer: C

Rationale: An unbalanced force acting on an object at rest will cause the object to move into motion. This is in accordance with Newton's first law of motion, which states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, option C, 'It moves the object into motion,' is the correct answer. Choices A and B are incorrect because an unbalanced force disrupts the object's state of rest. Choice D is incorrect as force does not affect the mass of an object.

5. How is the density of a substance calculated?

• A. Mass / Volume
• B. Volume / Mass
• C. Mass x Volume
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The density of a substance is calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its volume. The formula for density is Density = Mass / Volume. This calculation allows us to determine how much mass is present in a given volume of a substance, making option A the correct choice. Choice B (Volume / Mass) is incorrect because density is defined as mass per unit volume, so mass should be the numerator. Choice C (Mass x Volume) is incorrect as this would result in a different unit of measurement and not represent density. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect as there is a specific formula for calculating density, which is mass divided by volume.

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